【OG24-721题】 One might expect that within a particular species, any individuals that managed to slow down the aging process would leave more offspring. Natural selection should therefore favor extreme longevity—but this does not seem to be the case. A possible explanation is that aging is a product of the inevitable wear and tear of living, similar to how household appliances generally accumulate faults that lead to their eventual demise. However, most researchers do not find this analogy satisfactory as an explanation.Which of the following would, if true, provide the strongest explanation for the researchers' reaction?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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One might expect that within a particular species, any individuals that managed to slow down the aging process would leave more offspring. Natural selection should therefore favor extreme longevity—but this does not seem to be the case. A possible explanation is that aging is a product of the inevitable wear and tear of living, similar to how household appliances generally accumulate faults that lead to their eventual demise. However, most researchers do not find this analogy satisfactory as an explanation.

Which of the following would, if true, provide the strongest explanation for the researchers' reaction?

Some organisms are capable of living much longer than other organisms. Some organisms reproduce very quickly despite having short lifespans. There are several ways of defining “extreme longevity,” and according to some definitions it occurs frequently. Organisms are capable of maintenance and self-repair and can remedy much of the damage that they accumulate. Some organisms generate much more wear and tear on their bodies than others.

正确答案： D

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题干翻译
自然选择本应青睐极端长寿，因为这样会留下更多后代，但事实并非如此。一个可能的解释是衰老如同家用器具一般，是生命不可避免的磨损产物，然而，大多数研究人员不认可这个类比作为一种解释。 逻辑链
自然选择→应青睐长寿；衰老如器具磨损→研究人员不认可 问题类型
解释原因（为何研究人员不认可该类比解释） 推理过程
需要找到一个理由，说明为什么将衰老类比为器具磨损这种解释不能被研究人员接受，即要找出与衰老和器具磨损不同之处相关的内容。 选项分析
A选项：一些生物比其他生物寿命长得多。只是在比较不同生物寿命，与衰老是否像器具磨损的解释无关，排除。 B选项：一些生物尽管寿命短但繁殖快。说的是繁殖速度和寿命的关系，未涉及对衰老解释的问题，排除。 C选项：有几种定义“极端长寿”的方法，且根据某些定义它经常发生。这与衰老和器具磨损的类比以及研究人员的反应无关，排除。 D选项：生物体能够进行维护和自我修复，并能修复它们积累的许多损伤。指出了生物体和器具的不同，器具不能自我修复，而生物体能，所以衰老不能简单类比为器具磨损，解释了研究人员不认可的原因，当选。 E选项：一些生物体比其他生物体对自身造成更多的磨损。只是在说生物体磨损程度差异，未针对衰老和器具磨损的类比关系，排除。

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