【OG24-763题】Normally, the pineal gland governs a person's sleep-wake cycle by secreting melatonin in response to the daily cycle of light and darkness as detected by the eye. Nonetheless, many people who are totally blind due to lesions in the visual cortex of the brain easily maintain a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle. So the neural pathway by which the pineal gland receives information from the eye probably does not pass through the visual cortex.For purposes of evaluating the argument it would be useful to establish which of the following? _mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Normally, the pineal gland governs a person's sleep-wake cycle by secreting melatonin in response to the daily cycle of light and darkness as detected by the eye. Nonetheless, many people who are totally blind due to lesions in the visual cortex of the brain easily maintain a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle. So the neural pathway by which the pineal gland receives information from the eye probably does not pass through the visual cortex.

For purposes of evaluating the argument it would be useful to establish which of the following?

Whether melatonin supplements help people who have difficulty maintaining a 24-hour sleep cycle to establish such a pattern Whether the melatonin levels of most totally blind people who successfully maintain a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle change in response to changes in exposure to light and darkness Whether melatonin is the only substance secreted by the pineal gland Whether most people who do not have a 24-hour sleep-wake cycle nevertheless have a cycle of consistent duration Whether there are any people with normal vision whose melatonin levels respond abnormally to periods of light and darkness

正确答案： B

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题干翻译
光和暗由眼睛检测。然而，许多因大脑视觉皮层损伤而完全失明的人很容易维持24小时的睡眠觉醒周期。所以，松果体从眼睛接收信息的神经通路可能不经过视觉皮层。 逻辑链
blind maintain cycle → pathway not through visual cortex 问题类型
评价题 推理过程
论点是松果体接收眼睛信息的神经通路可能不经过视觉皮层，论据是完全失明（视觉皮层损伤）的人能维持睡眠觉醒周期。需要找到一个信息，对其不同回答能加强或削弱论点。 选项分析
A选项：褪黑素补充剂是否帮助难以维持24小时睡眠周期的人建立这种模式。与神经通路是否经过视觉皮层无关，排除。 B选项：成功维持24小时睡眠觉醒周期的大多数完全失明者的褪黑素水平是否随光照和黑暗的变化而变化。如果变化，说明眼睛仍能通过某种方式将光暗信息传递给松果体（即便视觉皮层受损），支持神经通路不经过视觉皮层；如果不变化，则削弱该论点，当选。 C选项：褪黑素是否是松果体分泌的唯一物质。与神经通路是否经过视觉皮层毫无关联，排除。 D选项：没有24小时睡眠觉醒周期的人是否有持续时长的周期。讨论的是不同人群的睡眠周期情况，和神经通路话题不相关，排除。 E选项：是否有正常视力的人其褪黑素水平对光暗周期反应异常。主体是正常视力的人，而非题干中完全失明的人，无法对论点进行评价，排除。

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