【OG24-752题】The introduction of new drugs into the market is frequently prevented by a shortage of human subjects for the clinical trials needed to show that the drugs are safe and effective. Since the lives and health of people in future generations may depend on treatments that are currently experimental, practicing physicians are morally in the wrong when, in the absence of any treatment proven to be effective, they fail to encourage suitable patients to volunteer for clinical trials.Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the conclusion of the argument?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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The introduction of new drugs into the market is frequently prevented by a shortage of human subjects for the clinical trials needed to show that the drugs are safe and effective. Since the lives and health of people in future generations may depend on treatments that are currently experimental, practicing physicians are morally in the wrong when, in the absence of any treatment proven to be effective, they fail to encourage suitable patients to volunteer for clinical trials.

Which of the following, if true, casts most doubt on the conclusion of the argument?

Many drugs undergoing clinical trials are intended for the treatment of conditions forwhich there is currently no effective treatment. Patients do not share the physician's professional concern for public health, but everyone has a moral obligation to alleviate suffering when ableto do so. Usually, half the patients in a clinical trial serve as a control group and receive a nonactive drug in place of the drug being tested. An experimental drug cannot legally be made available to patients unless those patients are subjects in clinical trials of the drug. Physicians have an overriding moral and legal duty to care for the health and safety of their current patients.

正确答案： E

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题干翻译
展示药物安全有效的临床试验是必要的。因为未来世代人们的生命和健康可能依赖于当前处于实验阶段的治疗方法，所以当没有任何已被证明有效的治疗方法时，执业医生未能鼓励合适的患者自愿参加临床试验，在道德上是错误的。 逻辑链
无有效治疗→应鼓励患者试药 问题类型
削弱题 推理过程
论点是医生在无有效治疗时不鼓励患者参加临床试验在道德上错误，论据是未来世代健康依赖实验治疗。需要找到能说明医生不鼓励患者试药在道德上并非错误的选项。 选项分析
A选项：许多正在进行临床试验的药物是针对目前没有有效治疗的病症。这是在支持医生应鼓励患者试药，属于加强项，排除。 B选项：患者和医生对公共健康的关注不同，且每个人有减轻痛苦的道德义务。与医生是否应该鼓励患者参加临床试验以及道德对错无关，话题不一致，排除。 C选项：临床试验中一半患者作为对照组接受非活性药物。只是在说临床试验的分组情况，与医生鼓励患者试药的道德问题无关，排除。 D选项：实验药物只有在患者是临床试验对象时才能合法提供给患者。这是在强调试药的合法性条件，与医生不鼓励试药的道德对错无关，排除。 E选项：医生有首要的道德和法律义务去照顾当前患者的健康和安全。这表明医生不鼓励患者参加可能有风险的临床试验是为了履行照顾当前患者健康安全的义务，在道德上并非错误，削弱了论点，当选。

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