【OG24-715题】Birds have been said to be descended from certain birdlike dinosaur species with which they share distinctive structural features. The fossil record, however, shows that this cannot be so, since there are bird fossils that are much older than the earliest birdlike dinosaur fossils that have been found.Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Birds have been said to be descended from certain birdlike dinosaur species with which they share distinctive structural features. The fossil record, however, shows that this cannot be so, since there are bird fossils that are much older than the earliest birdlike dinosaur fossils that have been found.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies?

The birdlike dinosaurs have no living descendants. There are no flightless dinosaur species that have the distinctive structural features shared by birds and birdlike dinosaurs. There are no birdlike dinosaur fossils that are older than the bird fossils but have not yet been unearthed. It could not have been the case that some birds were descended from one of the birdlike dinosaur species and other birds from another. Birds cannot have been descended from dinosaur species with which the birds do not share the distinctive structural features

正确答案： C

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题干翻译
鸟类和似鸟恐龙有独特结构特征。然而，化石记录表明，情况并非如此，因为存在比已发现的最早似鸟恐龙化石古老得多的鸟类化石。 逻辑链
Bird fossils older → Birds not from bird like dinos 问题类型
假设题 推理过程
论点是鸟类并非由似鸟恐龙进化而来，依据是存在更古老的鸟类化石。要使该论证成立，需假设不存在尚未被挖掘出的比鸟类化石更古老的似鸟恐龙化石，否则就不能依据现有化石判断鸟类不是由似鸟恐龙进化而来。 选项分析
A选项：似鸟恐龙有无现存后代与鸟类是否由似鸟恐龙进化而来无关，排除。 B选项：有无无飞行能力且有独特结构特征的恐龙物种，与鸟类进化起源无关，排除。 C选项：不存在比鸟类化石更古老但尚未被挖掘出的似鸟恐龙化石，是论证成立的必要假设，当选。 D选项：不同鸟类的进化起源情况，不能加强鸟类整体是否由似鸟恐龙进化而来的论证，排除。 E选项：鸟类与无独特结构特征恐龙物种的进化关系，与本题论证话题不一致，排除。

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