【OG24-611题】The last sentence in the passage serves primarily to_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Jacob Burckhardt’s view that Renaissance European women “stood on a footing of perfect equality” with Renaissance men has been repeatedly cited by feminist scholars as a prelude to their presentation of rich historical evidence of women’s inequality. In striking contrast to Burckhardt, Joan Kelly in her famous 1977 essay, “Did Women Have a Renaissance?” argued that the Renaissance was a period of economic and social decline for women relative both to Renaissance men and to medieval women. Recently, however, a significant trend among feminist scholars has entailed a rejection of both Kelly’s dark vision of the Renaissance and Burckhardt’s rosy one. Many recent works by these scholars stress the ways in which differences among Renaissance women—especially in terms of social status and religion—work to complicate the kinds of generalizations both Burckhardt and Kelly made on the basis of their observations about upper-class Italian women.

The trend is also evident, however, in works focusing on those middle- and upper-class European women whose ability to write gives them disproportionate representation in the historical record. Such women were, simply by virtue of their literacy, members of a tiny minority of the population, so it is risky to take their descriptions of their experiences as typical of “female experience” in any general sense. Tina Krontiris, for example, in her fascinating study of six Renaissance women writers, does tend at times to conflate “women” and “women writers,” assuming that women’s gender, irrespective of other social differences, including literacy, allows us to view women as a homogeneous social group and make that group an object of analysis. Nonetheless, Krontiris makes a significant contribution to the field and is representative of those authors who offer what might be called a cautiously optimistic assessment of Renaissance women’s achievements, although she also stresses the social obstacles Renaissance women faced when they sought to raise their “oppositional voices.” Krontiris is concerned to show women intentionally negotiating some power for themselves (at least in the realm of public discourse) against potentially constraining ideologies, but in her sober and thoughtful concluding remarks, she suggests that such verbal opposition to cultural stereotypes was highly circumscribed; women seldom attacked the basic assumptions in the ideologies that oppressed them.

The last sentence in the passage serves primarily to

suggest that Krontiris’s work is not representative of recent trends among feminist scholars undermine the argument that literate women of the Renaissance sought to oppose social constraints imposed on them show a way in which Krontiris’s work illustrates a “cautiously optimistic” assessment of Renaissance women’s achievements summarize Krontiris’s view of the effect of literacy on the lives of upperand middle-class Renaissance women illustrate the way in which Krontiris’s study differs from the studies done by Burckhardt and Kelly

正确答案： C

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文章大意逻辑
文章开篇提到雅各布·布克哈特认为文艺复兴时期欧洲女性与男性地位完全平等，这一观点常被女权主义学者引用作为阐述女性不平等历史证据的前奏。与之形成鲜明对比的是，琼·凯利在1977年的著名论文中主张文艺复兴时期女性相对男性在经济和社会方面处于衰落状态。然而，最近女权主义学者中的一个重要趋势是，既反对凯利的悲观观点，也反对布克哈特的乐观观点。许多近期作品强调文艺复兴时期女性之间的差异，这使布克哈特和凯利基于对上层意大利女性观察所做的概括变得复杂。接着指出关注有写作能力的中上层欧洲女性的作品也体现了这一趋势，以蒂娜·克龙特里丝的研究为例，她的研究有时会混淆“女性”和“女性作家”，但她仍为该领域做出了重大贡献，代表了那些对文艺复兴时期女性成就持谨慎乐观态度的作者。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型：新旧观点对比逻辑简图： Old view 1：Burckhardt Renaissance European women = men Old view 2：Kelly Renaissance women declined relative to men New trend：reject both old views; stress differences among Renaissance women Example：Krontiris conflate “women” and “women writers” but make significant contribution, cautiously optimistic 做题方法及问题类型
问题类型：功能题。做题方法：定位到文章最后一句，分析其在文中的作用。 选项分析
A选项：文章最后一句表明克龙特里丝是近期女权主义学者趋势的代表，而非不是代表，该选项错误。 B选项：最后一句没有削弱文艺复兴时期识字女性试图反对社会限制这一观点的意思，该选项错误。 C选项：最后一句指出克龙特里丝虽有不足，但做出了重要贡献，体现了对文艺复兴时期女性成就的谨慎乐观评估，该选项正确。 D选项：最后一句并非是对克龙特里丝关于识字对中上层文艺复兴女性生活影响观点的总结，该选项错误。 E选项：最后一句重点不是说明克龙特里丝的研究与布克哈特和凯利研究的不同，该选项错误。

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