【OG24-608题】According to the passage, feminist scholars cite Burckhardt’s view of Renaissanc women primarily for which of the following reasons?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Jacob Burckhardt’s view that Renaissance European women “stood on a footing of perfect equality” with Renaissance men has been repeatedly cited by feminist scholars as a prelude to their presentation of rich historical evidence of women’s inequality. In striking contrast to Burckhardt, Joan Kelly in her famous 1977 essay, “Did Women Have a Renaissance?” argued that the Renaissance was a period of economic and social decline for women relative both to Renaissance men and to medieval women. Recently, however, a significant trend among feminist scholars has entailed a rejection of both Kelly’s dark vision of the Renaissance and Burckhardt’s rosy one. Many recent works by these scholars stress the ways in which differences among Renaissance women—especially in terms of social status and religion—work to complicate the kinds of generalizations both Burckhardt and Kelly made on the basis of their observations about upper-class Italian women.

The trend is also evident, however, in works focusing on those middle- and upper-class European women whose ability to write gives them disproportionate representation in the historical record. Such women were, simply by virtue of their literacy, members of a tiny minority of the population, so it is risky to take their descriptions of their experiences as typical of “female experience” in any general sense. Tina Krontiris, for example, in her fascinating study of six Renaissance women writers, does tend at times to conflate “women” and “women writers,” assuming that women’s gender, irrespective of other social differences, including literacy, allows us to view women as a homogeneous social group and make that group an object of analysis. Nonetheless, Krontiris makes a significant contribution to the field and is representative of those authors who offer what might be called a cautiously optimistic assessment of Renaissance women’s achievements, although she also stresses the social obstacles Renaissance women faced when they sought to raise their “oppositional voices.” Krontiris is concerned to show women intentionally negotiating some power for themselves (at least in the realm of public discourse) against potentially constraining ideologies, but in her sober and thoughtful concluding remarks, she suggests that such verbal opposition to cultural stereotypes was highly circumscribed; women seldom attacked the basic assumptions in the ideologies that oppressed them.

According to the passage, feminist scholars cite Burckhardt’s view of Renaissanc women primarily for which of the following reasons?

Burckhardt’s view forms the basis for most arguments refuting Kelly’s point of view. Burckhardt’s view has been discredited by Kelly. Burckhardt’s view is one that many feminist scholars wish to refute. Burckhardt’s work provides rich historical evidence of inequality between Renaissance women and men. Burckhardt’s work includes historical research supporting the arguments of the feminist scholars.

正确答案： C

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文章开篇提出雅各布·布克哈特认为文艺复兴时期欧洲女性与男性地位平等，这一观点常被女权主义学者引用，作为展示女性不平等丰富历史证据的前奏。与之形成鲜明对比的是，琼·凯利在1977年的文章中认为文艺复兴时期女性的经济和社会地位相对男性和中世纪女性是下降的。近来，女权主义学者中有一个显著趋势，既反对凯利的悲观看法，也反对布克哈特的乐观看法，许多近期作品强调文艺复兴时期女性之间的差异，使得布克哈特和凯利基于对上层意大利女性观察做出的概括变得复杂。接着提到关注能写作的中上层欧洲女性的作品也体现了这一趋势，指出以蒂娜·克龙特里丝为例，她的研究虽有将“女性”和“女性作家”混同的问题，但也对该领域有重要贡献。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为新旧观点对比。逻辑简图： Old view: Burckhardt's view Renaissance women “stood on a footing of perfect equality” with men Contrast: Kelly's view Renaissance was a period of decline for women New trend: Feminist scholars reject both Kelly's and Burckhardt's views, stress differences among Renaissance women Example: Works on middle and upper class European women writers, like Krontris's study 做题方法及问题类型
本题为细节题，通过定位关键词“feminist scholars”和“Burckhardt's view”在文中第一段第一句找到答案线索。 选项分析
A选项：布克哈特的观点构成了大多数反驳凯利观点论据的基础。文中未提及布克哈特观点与反驳凯利观点论据的关系，无中生有，排除。 B选项：布克哈特的观点已被凯利否定。这不是女权主义学者引用布克哈特观点的主要原因，答非所问，排除。 C选项：布克哈特的观点是许多女权主义学者想要反驳的。与文中“feminist scholars has entailed a rejection of both Kelly's dark vision of the Renaissance and Burckhardt's rosy one”相符，当选。 D选项：布克哈特的作品提供了文艺复兴时期女性和男性不平等的丰富历史证据。这与原文不符，布克哈特观点是女性和男性平等，排除。 E选项：布克哈特的作品包含支持女权主义学者论点的历史研究。原文未提及，排除。

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