【OG24-472题】The primary purpose of the passage is to_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Historians remain divided over the role of banks in facilitating economic growth in the United States in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Some scholars contend that banks played a minor role in the nation's growing economy. Financial institutions, they argue, appeared only after the economy had begun to develop, and once organized, followed conservative lending practices, providing aid to established commercial enterprises but shunning those, such as manufacturing and transportation projects, that were more uncertain and capital-intensive (i.e., requiring greater expenditures in the form of capital than in labor).

A growing number of historians argue, in contrast, that banks were crucial in transforming the early national economy. When state legislatures began granting more bank charters in the 1790s and early 1800s, the supply of credit rose accordingly. Unlike the earliest banks, which had primarily provided short-term loans to well-connected merchants, the banks of the early nineteenth century issued credit widely. As Paul Gilje asserts, the expansion and democratization of credit in the early nineteenth century became the driving force of the American economy, as banks began furnishing large amounts of capital to transportation and industrial enterprises. The exception, such historians argue, was in the South; here, the overwhelmingly agrarian nature of the economy generated outright opposition to banks, which were seen as monopolistic institutions controlled by an elite group of planters.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

compare the economic role played by southern banks with the economic role played by banks in the rest of the United States during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries reevaluate a conventional interpretation of the role played by banks in the American economy during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries present different interpretations of the role played by banks in the American economy during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries analyze how the increasing number of banks in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries affected the American economy examine how scholarly opinion regarding the role played by banks in the American economy during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries has changed over time

正确答案： C

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文章大意逻辑
历史学家对于18世纪末和19世纪初美国银行在促进经济增长中的作用存在分歧。一些学者认为银行作用微小，金融机构在经济发展后才出现且放贷保守。而越来越多的历史学家则持相反观点，认为银行在转变早期国家经济中至关重要，尤其是19世纪初银行信贷扩张，为交通和工业企业提供大量资金，不过南方因农业经济性质对银行持反对态度。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为新旧观点对比。 Old view：Some scholars contend that banks played a minor role in the nation's growing economy. Financial institutions appeared after economic development and had conservative lending practices. New view：A growing number of historians argue that banks were crucial in transforming the early national economy. Banks in early 19th century issued credit widely and became the driving force of the American economy, except in the South. 做题方法及问题类型
本题为主旨题，需通过把握文章整体结构，找出作者主要想表达的内容，即呈现关于美国18世纪末和19世纪初银行在经济中作用的不同观点。 选项分析
A选项：文章重点并非比较南方银行和美国其他地区银行的经济作用，而是不同学者对银行整体作用的看法，所以A选项错误。 B选项：文章没有重新评估传统解释，只是阐述了两种不同观点，并非对某一传统观点的重新考量，B选项错误。 C选项：准确概括了文章呈现不同学者对18世纪末和19世纪初美国银行在经济中作用不同解释的主旨，C选项正确。 D选项：文章主要不是分析银行数量增加对美国经济的影响，重点是银行在经济中的作用观点分歧，D选项错误。 E选项：文章没有探讨学者观点随时间的变化，只是展示了不同学者当下的不同观点，E选项错误。

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