【OG24-553题】According to the passage, which of the following statements regarding earthen mounds in the Dallas communities is accurate?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Historical documents have revealed that among the Timucua of Florida, a Native American people, the best from the hunt or the harvest was given to families of high social status, even in times of economic stress. Archaeological research suggests a similar relationship between social status and diet in the Dallas communities of eastern Tennessee, prehistoric Native American groups with a social organization and economy similar to that of the Timucua. The first real clue came when archaeologists discovered that skeletons of higher-status individuals tended to be several centimeters taller than those of people of lower status.

In the largest Dallas communities, some individuals were buried in the earthen mounds that served as substructures for buildings important to civic and religious affairs. These burials included quantities of finely crafted items made of nonlocal material, denoting the high political standing of those interred. Burials of lower-status individuals contained primarily utilitarian items such as cooking vessels and chipped Stone tools and are located in more remote sections of the settlements. The burials actually formed a pattern, the tallest skeletons being found in the mounds, and the heights declining as burials became more distant from the mounds. While it is possible that taller people were simply more successful in achieving high social standing, it is more likely that a number of stresses, including those resulting from a relatively poor diet, which could affect stature, were common among the lower-status groups.

Excavations indicate that three food categories made up the bulk of the population's diet: agricultural crops cultivated in the fertile alluvial soils where the communities were located, game, and wild edible plants, primarily nuts. Information about dietary variation among community members is derived by analyzing trace elements in human bone. Higher than normal levels of manganese, strontium, and vanadium probably indicate a less nutritious diet heavily dependent on edible plants. Very low concentrations of vanadium, which is scarce in meats and somewhat lower in nuts than in other plant resources, are good evidence of meat consumption and thus a better balanced-diet. As expected, vanadium was found in considerably greater quantities in skeletons in the burials of lower-status groups.

According to the passage, which of the following statements regarding earthen mounds in the Dallas communities is accurate?

They served primarily as burial grounds. They were constructed in key locations on the perimeter of the village. They were elements in important structures in the community. They were used as storehouses for keeping valuable possessions safe. They contained utilitarian items made of nonlocal materials.

正确答案： C

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文章大意逻辑
文章开头通过历史文献表明在佛罗里达的提姆库瓦人（Timucua）中，最好的狩猎或收获物会给社会地位高的家庭，即使经济困难时也是如此。接着指出考古研究显示田纳西东部达拉斯社区（Dallas communities）的史前美洲原住民群体，社会地位和饮食之间也有类似关系。考古学家发现地位高的人的骨骼比地位低的人高几厘米。在最大的达拉斯社区，一些人被埋葬在作为重要公民和宗教事务建筑基础的土丘里，埋葬情况能体现社会地位差异，高地位者墓葬中有精美的非本地材料物品，低地位者墓葬主要是实用物品且位置更偏远，骨骼高度也呈现从土丘向外递减的模式。最后提到挖掘表明人口饮食主要由三类食物构成，饮食差异信息可从痕迹元素分析中得出。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为总分结构。逻辑简图： Introduction: Historical documents show relationship between best hunt/harvest and high status families in Timucua. Archaeological research suggests similar relationship in Dallas communities. Evidence 1: Higher status individuals' skeletons are taller. Evidence 2: Burial differences in earth mounds in Dallas communities (high status in mounds with fine items, low status with utilitarian items in remote sections, height pattern). Evidence 3: Diet composition and source of diet variation information. 问题类型及做题方法
问题类型为细节题，做题方法是根据题干关键词“earthen mounds in the Dallas communities”定位到文章中关于达拉斯社区土丘描述的相关内容。 选项分析
A选项：“They served primarily as burial grounds.”文章提到土丘是重要建筑的基础，埋葬只是其中一个方面，并非主要作为墓地，所以A选项错误。 B选项：“They were constructed in key locations on the perimeter of the village.”文中未提及土丘建造在村庄周边的关键位置，B选项无中生有，错误。 C选项：“They were elements in important structures in the community.”对应文中“the earthen mounds that served as substructures for buildings important to civic and religious affairs”，说明土丘是社区重要建筑的组成部分，C选项正确。 D选项：“They were used as storehouses for keeping valuable possessions safe.”文中未提及土丘被用作存放贵重物品的仓库，D选项错误。 E选项：“They contained utilitarian items made of nonlocal materials.”文中说低地位者墓葬主要是实用物品，但非本地材料物品是高地位者墓葬中的，E选项错误。

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