【OG24-557题】The primary purpose of the passage is to _mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Historically, relations between workers and employers in the United States have often been characterized by the employment-at-will doctrine, according to which the duration of employment is determined by the employer and the grounds for termination are limited only by the provisions of contracts and specific statutes. Many state courts and legislatures have reevaluated this doctrine and have modified it by expanding the concept of wrongful termination, thereby increasing employer liability. Some economic theorists suggest that such changes tend to reduce employment in states that enact them, because protecting workers against wrongful termination raises the cost of labor to employers: firms will tend to spend more time and money screening potential employees, be reluctant to terminate less-productive workers, and incur greater legal expenses. In a study that took into account differences among states, researchers Dertouzos and Karoly concluded that states with wrongfultermination laws experienced a 2 percent to 5 percent drop in their employment rate as a result of adopting these laws. They also found that the impact on employment appears to be smallest in manufacturing, where unions have already institutionalized similar protection, and in small firms, perhaps because those firms’ lesser ability to pay damages makes it less profitable for employees to file wrongful-termination lawsuits against them.

The primary purpose of the passage is to

explore the legal consequences of terminating a worker’s employment define the employment-at-will doctrine and chronicle its historical evolution examine reasons underlying a trend away from the employment-at-will doctrine advocate increased protection for workers against wrongful termination by employers discuss a possible drawback of state laws intended to protect workers against wrongful termination

正确答案： E

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文章大意逻辑
文章开篇指出美国工人和雇主关系在历史上常以“随意雇佣”原则为特征，该原则下雇佣时长和终止理由受合同和特定法规限制。接着表明许多州法院和立法机构重新评估并修改了这一原则，扩大了不当解雇的概念，增加了雇主责任。一些经济理论家认为这种变化会减少就业，因为保护工人免受不当解雇会增加雇主成本。之后通过研究举例，Dertouzos和Karoly的研究发现采用不当解雇法律的州就业率下降，还提到这种影响在制造业和小公司较小的原因。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为现象解释型。逻辑简图： Historically: employment at will doctrine (duration & termination determined by employer, limited by contracts & statutes) Many states: reevaluate & modify the doctrine (expand concept of wrongful termination, increase employer liability) Some economic theorists: such changes reduce employment (due to increased labor cost for employers) Study (Dertouzos and Karoly): states with wrongful termination laws have employment rate drop; impact is smaller in manufacturing and small firms 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道主旨题，做题方法是通过梳理文章整体内容，把握文章围绕“随意雇佣”原则的变化及相关影响展开的核心逻辑。 选项分析
A选项：文章重点并非探讨解雇工人的法律后果，而是围绕“随意雇佣”原则变化及影响，A选项错误。 B选项：文章不仅是定义“随意雇佣”原则和记录其历史演变，更重要的是讨论其变化带来的影响，B选项不全面。 C选项：文章主要不是在研究背离“随意雇佣”原则趋势背后的原因，C选项不准确。 D选项：文章没有倡导增加对工人免受不当解雇的保护，D选项不符合文意。 E选项：文章确实在讨论旨在保护工人免受不当解雇的州法律可能存在的弊端（如减少就业等），E选项正确。

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