【OG24-559题】The passage suggests which of the following regarding wrongful-termination lawsuits? _mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Historically, relations between workers and employers in the United States have often been characterized by the employment-at-will doctrine, according to which the duration of employment is determined by the employer and the grounds for termination are limited only by the provisions of contracts and specific statutes. Many state courts and legislatures have reevaluated this doctrine and have modified it by expanding the concept of wrongful termination, thereby increasing employer liability. Some economic theorists suggest that such changes tend to reduce employment in states that enact them, because protecting workers against wrongful termination raises the cost of labor to employers: firms will tend to spend more time and money screening potential employees, be reluctant to terminate less-productive workers, and incur greater legal expenses. In a study that took into account differences among states, researchers Dertouzos and Karoly concluded that states with wrongfultermination laws experienced a 2 percent to 5 percent drop in their employment rate as a result of adopting these laws. They also found that the impact on employment appears to be smallest in manufacturing, where unions have already institutionalized similar protection, and in small firms, perhaps because those firms’ lesser ability to pay damages makes it less profitable for employees to file wrongful-termination lawsuits against them.

The passage suggests which of the following regarding wrongful-termination lawsuits?

States that do not implement wrongful-termination laws will probably see an increase in wrongful-termination lawsuits. It is less profitable to file wrongful-termination lawsuits against unionized companies than against companies without unions. A wrongful-termination lawsuit is less costly to a company than continuing the employment of an unproductive worker. Obtaining financial compensation is an important motivation for filing wrongful termination lawsuits. Those who file wrongful-termination lawsuits are likely to be awarded larger settlements under the employment-at-will doctrine than under wrongful termination laws.

正确答案： D

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文章大意逻辑
文章开篇指出美国历史上雇主和员工关系常以随意雇佣原则为特征，该原则下雇佣时长和终止理由受合同和特定法规限制。接着说明许多州法院和立法机构重新评估并修改此原则，扩大不当解雇概念，增加雇主责任。一些经济理论家认为这种改变会减少实施该法律州的就业，因为保护员工免受不当解雇会增加雇主劳动力成本，公司会在筛选潜在员工上花更多时间和金钱，不愿解雇低产员工且承担更多法律费用。随后提到一项考虑了各州差异的研究，研究人员得出有不当解雇法律的州就业率下降2% 5%，还发现这种影响在制造业和小公司中最小，原因是制造业工会已有类似保护，小公司支付赔偿金能力弱使员工起诉获利少。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型：现象解释型 逻辑简图： Historically, U.S. worker employer relations: employment at will doctrine Many states reevaluate and modify this doctrine, expand wrongful termination concept, increase employer liability Some economic theorists: such changes reduce employment A study: states with wrongful termination laws have employment rate drop, impact is smallest in manufacturing and small firms 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道推断题，需根据文章对不当解雇诉讼的相关描述进行推断，定位提示句子为全文中关于不当解雇诉讼的内容。 选项分析
A选项：文章未提及未实施不当解雇法律的州不当解雇诉讼数量是否会增加，属于无中生有，排除。 B选项：文章没有对针对工会公司和非工会公司提起不当解雇诉讼的盈利性进行比较，无中生有，排除。 C选项：文章没有对比不当解雇诉讼对公司的成本和继续雇佣无效率员工的成本，无中生有，排除。 D选项：文章中提到保护员工免受不当解雇（即存在不当解雇法律）会增加雇主成本等一系列情况，可合理推断出获得经济补偿是提起不当解雇诉讼的一个重要动机，当选。 E选项：文章没有比较在随意雇佣原则和不当解雇法律下提起不当解雇诉讼者获得和解金的大小，无中生有，排除。

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