【OG24-474题】The passage suggests that Paul Gilje would be most likely to agree with which of the following claims about the lending practices of the “earliest banks" ?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Historians remain divided over the role of banks in facilitating economic growth in the United States in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Some scholars contend that banks played a minor role in the nation's growing economy. Financial institutions, they argue, appeared only after the economy had begun to develop, and once organized, followed conservative lending practices, providing aid to established commercial enterprises but shunning those, such as manufacturing and transportation projects, that were more uncertain and capital-intensive (i.e., requiring greater expenditures in the form of capital than in labor).

A growing number of historians argue, in contrast, that banks were crucial in transforming the early national economy. When state legislatures began granting more bank charters in the 1790s and early 1800s, the supply of credit rose accordingly. Unlike the earliest banks, which had primarily provided short-term loans to well-connected merchants, the banks of the early nineteenth century issued credit widely. As Paul Gilje asserts, the expansion and democratization of credit in the early nineteenth century became the driving force of the American economy, as banks began furnishing large amounts of capital to transportation and industrial enterprises. The exception, such historians argue, was in the South; here, the overwhelmingly agrarian nature of the economy generated outright opposition to banks, which were seen as monopolistic institutions controlled by an elite group of planters.

The passage suggests that Paul Gilje would be most likely to agree with which of the following claims about the lending practices of the “earliest banks" ?

These lending practices were unlikely to generate substantial profits for banks. These lending practices only benefited a narrow sector of the economy. The restrictive nature of these lending practices generated significant opposition outside of the South. The restrictive nature of these lending practices forced state legislatures to begin granting more bank charters by the early nineteenth century. These lending practices were likely to be criticized by economic elites as being overly restrictive.

正确答案： B

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文章大意逻辑
文章围绕18世纪末和19世纪初美国银行在促进经济增长中所起的作用，呈现了历史学家们的两种对立观点。一些学者认为银行在美国经济增长中作用较小，其出现于经济发展之后，且贷款保守。而越来越多的历史学家则持相反观点，认为银行对早期国家经济转型至关重要，尤其在19世纪初银行信贷扩张，推动了美国经济，不过南方因农业经济对银行持反对态度。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型：新旧观点对比 逻辑简图： Old view：Some scholars contend that banks played a minor role in the nation's growing economy. Financial institutions appeared only after the economy had begun to develop and followed conservative lending practices. New view：A growing number of historians argue that banks were crucial in transforming the early national economy. When state legislatures began granting more bank charters, the supply of credit rose. Paul Gilje asserts the expansion and democratization of credit became the driving force of the American economy. Exception in the South where there was opposition to banks. 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道推断题，通过定位文中提到Paul Gilje的相关内容，对其观点进行推理判断。定位提示句子为“As Paul Gilje asserts, the expansion and democratization of credit in the early nineteenth century became the driving force of the American economy” 以及前文对早期银行贷款情况的描述。 选项分析
A选项：文中未提及早期银行贷款做法是否能产生大量利润，属于无中生有，排除。 B选项：早期银行主要给关系密切的商人提供短期贷款，后来才广泛发放信贷，说明早期银行贷款做法只惠及了经济中的一小部分群体，符合推理，当选。 C选项：文中未提及早期银行贷款做法在南方以外引起显著反对，排除。 D选项：文中没有信息表明早期银行贷款做法迫使州立法机构发放更多银行特许证，排除。 E选项：文中未提及经济精英是否批评早期银行贷款做法过于限制，排除。

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