【OG24-489题】Which of the following best states the difference between free trade and fair trade, as explained in the passage?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Arboria is floundering in the global marketplace, incurring devastating losses in market position and profits. The problem is not Arboria's products, but Arboria's trade policy. Arboria faces the prospect of continuing economic loss until Arborian business and political leaders recognize the fundamental differences between Arborian and foreign economic systems. Today the key trade issue is not free trade versus protectionism but diminishing trade versus expanding trade.

Arboria is operating with an obsolete trade policy, an artifact of the mid-1940s when Arboria and Whorfland dominated the global economy, tariffs were the principal obstacle to trade, and Arborian supremacy was uncontested in virtually all industries. In the intervening decades, economic circumstances have shifted radically. Arborian trade policy has not.

Today, Arboria's trade policy seems paralyzed by the relentless conflict between proponents of “free” and “fair” trade. The free traders argue that Arborian markets should be open, and the movement of goods and services across national borders unrestrained. The fair traders assert that access to Arborian markets should be restricted until Arborian businesses are granted equal access to foreign markets. They contend that free trade is impossible while other nations erect barriers to Arborian exports.

Both are correct: fair trade requires equal access and equal access leads to free trade. But both sides base their positions on the same two outdated premises:

1. Global commerce is conducted under the terms of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and dominated by Arboria and similar economic systems abroad.

2. Multilateral negotiations are the most effective way to resolve pressing trade issues.

Both assumptions are wrong. The 40-year-old GATT now covers less than 7 percent of global commerce. World trade is no longer dominated by the free-trade economies; nearly 75 percent is conducted by economic systems operating with principles at odds with those of Arboria. Forging a multilateral trade policy consensus among so many diverse economic systems has become virtually impossible. And while multilateral talks drag on, Arboria misses opportunities for trade expansion.

Which of the following best states the difference between free trade and fair trade, as explained in the passage?

Free trade requires no trade tariffs whatsoever, whereas fair trade assumes multilateral agreement on tariffs for goods of equal worth. Free trade is based on the unrestricted movement of goods across all national boundaries, whereas fair trade is based on a nation's restriction of commerce with each nation that erects trade barriers to the first nation's exports. The trade policies of countries like Arboria are based on the principles of free trade, whereas the trade policies of other types of world economies are based on fair trade. Free-trade nations negotiate individual trade agreements with each of their trading partners, whereas fair-trade nations conduct multilateral trade negotiations. Free trade assumes a constant level of global commerce, whereas fair trade promotes a steady expansion of international trade.

正确答案： B

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文章大意逻辑
Arboria在全球市场陷入困境，问题出在贸易政策而非产品。如今关键贸易问题是贸易缩减还是扩张，而非自由贸易与保护主义之争。Arboria的贸易政策过时，源于20世纪40年代中期，当时其在全球经济中占主导。现在其贸易政策受“自由贸易”和“公平贸易”倡导者之间冲突的影响，前者主张市场开放、商品服务无限制流动，后者认为在获得平等进入外国市场机会前应限制外国进入本国市场。双方都正确，但都基于两个过时前提。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为问题分析型。逻辑简图： Arboria's problem: floundering in global marketplace due to trade policy Old fashioned trade policy: from mid 1940s, not adapted to new economic circumstances Conflict between free trade and fair trade proponents Free trade: open markets, unrestrained movement of goods and services Fair trade: restrict access until equal access is granted Both sides' problem: based on outdated premises 做题方法及问题类型
问题类型为细节题，做题方法是定位到文章中关于自由贸易和公平贸易定义及区别描述的部分。定位提示句子为“The free traders argue that... The fair traders assert that...”。 选项分析
A选项：文章未提及自由贸易要求完全无关税，公平贸易要求同等价值商品关税多边协议，无中生有，排除。 B选项：符合文中所述，自由贸易基于商品在所有国界间无限制流动，公平贸易基于一国对设置贸易壁垒国家的出口限制，当选。 C选项：文章未将Arboria和其他类型世界经济的贸易政策如此区分，无中生有，排除。 D选项：文章未提及自由贸易国家和公平贸易国家在贸易谈判形式上的这种区别，无中生有，排除。 E选项：文章未提及自由贸易假定全球贸易水平恒定，公平贸易促进国际贸易稳定扩张，无中生有，排除。

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