【OG24-509题】Which of the following can be inferred about supplier partnerships, as they are described in the passage? _mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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In corporate purchasing, competitive scrutiny is typically limited to suppliers of items that are directly related to end products. With “indirect” purchases (such as computers, advertising, and legal services), which are not directly related to production, corporations often favor “supplier partnerships” (arrangements in which the purchaser forgoes the right to pursue alternative suppliers), which can inappropriately shelter suppliers from rigorous competitive scrutiny that might afford the purchaser economic leverage. There are two independent variables‐availability of alternatives and ease of changing suppliers‐that companies should use to evaluate the feasibility of subjecting suppliers of indirect purchases to competitive scrutiny. This can create four possible situations.

In Type 1 situations, there are many alternatives and change is relatively easy. Open pursuit of alternatives‐by frequent competitive bidding, if possible—will likely yield the best results. In Type 2 situations, where there are many alternatives but change is difficult—as for providers of employee health-care benefits—it is important to continuously test the market and use the results to secure concessions from existing suppliers. Alternatives provide a credible threat to suppliers, even if the ability to switch is constrained. In Type 3 situations, there are few alternatives, but the ability to switch without difficulty creates a threat that companies can use to negotiate concessions from existing suppliers. In Type 4 situations, where there are few alternatives and change is difficult, partnerships may be unavoidable.

Which of the following can be inferred about supplier partnerships, as they are described in the passage?

They cannot be sustained unless the goods or services provided are available from a large number of suppliers. They can result in purchasers paying more for goods and services than they would in a competitive-bidding situation. They typically are instituted at the urging of the supplier rather than the purchaser. They are not feasible when the goods or services provided are directly related to the purchasers’ end products. They are least appropriate when the purchasers’ ability to change suppliers is limited.

正确答案： B

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文章大意逻辑
文章主要讨论企业采购中的间接采购问题。在企业采购中，竞争审查通常局限于与最终产品直接相关的供应商，对于间接采购（如计算机、广告和法律服务），企业常倾向于“供应商合作伙伴关系”，但这种关系可能使供应商免受严格竞争审查。接着提出企业应使用两个独立变量（替代方案的可用性和更换供应商的难易程度）评估对间接采购供应商进行竞争审查的可行性，这会产生四种情况，并分别对这四种情况进行介绍。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为总分结构。逻辑简图： Corporate purchasing: Competitive scrutiny for direct related suppliers; Supplier partnerships for indirect purchases Two variables for evaluating feasibility of competitive scrutiny: Availability of alternatives, Ease of changing suppliers Four situations: Type 1: Many alternatives, easy change Type 2: Many alternatives, difficult change Type 3: Few alternatives, easy change Type 4: Few alternatives, difficult change 做题方法及问题类型
问题类型为推断题。做题方法是根据文章中对供应商合作伙伴关系的描述及相关内容进行推断。定位可关注关于供应商合作伙伴关系以及四种情况描述的内容。 选项分析
A选项：文中未提及供应商合作伙伴关系的维持与大量供应商提供商品或服务之间的联系，属于无中生有，排除。 B选项：因为供应商合作伙伴关系可能使供应商免受严格竞争审查，那么相比竞争投标情况，采购商可能会为商品和服务支付更多，该项可以合理推断，当选。 C选项：文中没有表明这种合作关系通常是在供应商的敦促下建立的，排除。 D选项：文章讨论的是间接采购的供应商合作伙伴关系，而该项说的是与采购商最终产品直接相关的情况，话题不一致，排除。 E选项：与原文中在更换供应商能力有限（如Type 4情况）时可能不得不采用合作伙伴关系相悖，排除。

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