【OG24-546题】According to the passage, which of the following statements about sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs is true?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Among the myths taken as fact by the environmental managers of most corporations is the belief that environmental regulations affect all competitors in a given industry uniformly. In reality, regulatory costs - and therefore compliance - fall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others. For example, a plant situated near a number of larger noncompliant competitors is less likely to attract the attention of local regulators than is an isolated plant, and less attention means lower costs.

Additionally, large plants can spread compliance costs such as waste treatment across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions such as permit or reporting requirements by virtue of their size. Finally, older production technologies often continue to generate toxic wastes that were not regulated when the technology was first adopted. New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners that generate high sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs, for example, whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products. By realizing that they have discretion and that not all industries are affected equally by environmental regulation, environmental managers can help their companies to achieve a competitive edge by anticipating regulatory pressure and exploring all possibilities for addressing how changing regulations will affect their companies specifically.

According to the passage, which of the following statements about sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs is true?

older production technologies cannot be adapted so as to reduce production of these outputs as waste products. under the most recent environmental regulations, industrial plants are no longer permitted to produce these outputs. although these outputs are environmentally hazardous, some plants still generate them as waste products despite the high compliance costs they impose. many older plants have developed innovative technological processes that reduce the amounts of these outputs generated as waste products. since the production processes that generate these outputs are less costly than alternative processes, these less expensive processes are sometimes adopted despite their acknowledged environmental hazards.

正确答案： C

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文章大意逻辑
很多公司环境管理者认为环境法规对行业内所有竞争者影响一致，这是错误认知。实际上，合规成本分配不均，对一些公司不利，对另一些有利。比如，周边有很多不合规竞争者的工厂受监管关注少，成本低；大工厂能分摊合规成本，小工厂可能因规模小不受某些条款限制；老旧生产技术仍产生有毒废物，新设施则会避免。环境管理者若意识到法规影响不均，可助力公司获取竞争优势。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为新旧观点对比。逻辑简图： Myth: environmental regulations affect all competitors uniformly Reality: regulatory costs fall unevenly Example 1: plant near non compliant competitors has lower costs Example 2: large plants can spread costs, small plants may have exemptions Example 3: older technologies generate waste, new facilities avoid it Conclusion: environmental managers can help companies gain a competitive edge by realizing the uneven impact 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道细节题，做题方法是根据题干关键词“sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs”定位原文中关于这两种排放物的描述内容。 选项分析
A选项：文中未提及旧生产技术不能被改造以减少这些排放物，无中生有，排除。 B选项：文中没有说在最新环境法规下工业工厂不允许产生这些排放物，无中生有，排除。 C选项：对应文中“older production technologies often continue to generate toxic wastes that were not regulated when the technology was first adopted. New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal fired burners that generate high sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs”，说明尽管这些排放物有环境危害，一些工厂仍因使用旧技术产生它们，即使合规成本高，该选项正确。 D选项：文中未提到很多旧工厂开发了减少这些排放物的创新技术，无中生有，排除。 E选项：文中没有对比产生这些排放物的生产过程和替代过程的成本，以及是否因成本低而采用，无中生有，排除。

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