【OG24-545题】It can be inferred from the passage that a large plant might have to spend more than a similar but smaller plant on environmental compliance because the larger plant is_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Among the myths taken as fact by the environmental managers of most corporations is the belief that environmental regulations affect all competitors in a given industry uniformly. In reality, regulatory costs - and therefore compliance - fall unevenly, economically disadvantaging some companies and benefiting others. For example, a plant situated near a number of larger noncompliant competitors is less likely to attract the attention of local regulators than is an isolated plant, and less attention means lower costs.

Additionally, large plants can spread compliance costs such as waste treatment across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions such as permit or reporting requirements by virtue of their size. Finally, older production technologies often continue to generate toxic wastes that were not regulated when the technology was first adopted. New regulations have imposed extensive compliance costs on companies still using older industrial coal-fired burners that generate high sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide outputs, for example, whereas new facilities generally avoid processes that would create such waste products. By realizing that they have discretion and that not all industries are affected equally by environmental regulation, environmental managers can help their companies to achieve a competitive edge by anticipating regulatory pressure and exploring all possibilities for addressing how changing regulations will affect their companies specifically.

It can be inferred from the passage that a large plant might have to spend more than a similar but smaller plant on environmental compliance because the larger plant is

more likely to attract attention from local regulators less likely to be exempt from permit and reporting requirements less likely to have regulatory costs passed on to it by companies that supply its raw materials more likely to employ older production technologies more likely to generate wastes that are more environmentally damaging than those generated by smaller plants

正确答案： B

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文章大意逻辑
许多企业环境管理者认为环境法规对行业内所有竞争者影响一致，这是个误区。实际上，合规成本分布不均，有的企业受不利影响，有的受益。比如，周边有很多不合规竞争者的工厂不易引起监管者注意，成本更低。此外，大型工厂可在更大收入基础上分摊合规成本；一些小工厂因规模小可能不受某些条款约束。老旧生产技术常产生有毒废物，新设施则一般避免这类情况。环境管理者若意识到法规影响不均，可帮助企业获得竞争优势。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型：新旧观点对比 逻辑简图： Myth: Environmental regulations affect all competitors uniformly. Reality: Regulatory costs fall unevenly. Example 1: Proximity to non compliant competitors affects attention from regulators and costs. Example 2: Large plants can spread costs, small plants may be exempt from some requirements. Example 3: Old technologies generate more waste and higher compliance costs, new facilities avoid this. Conclusion: Environmental managers can help companies gain a competitive edge by realizing regulatory differences. 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道推断题，通过定位文中关于大型工厂和小型工厂在环境合规方面的描述来进行推断。定位提示句子如“Additionally, large plants can spread compliance costs such as waste treatment across a larger revenue base; on the other hand, some smaller plants may not even be subject to certain provisions such as permit or reporting requirements by virtue of their size.” 选项分析
A选项：文中说周边有很多不合规竞争者的工厂不易引起监管者注意，成本更低，并非大型工厂更易吸引监管者注意，A错误。 B选项：文中提到一些小工厂因规模小可能不受某些条款（如许可或报告要求）约束，反过来就是大型工厂不太可能免受这些要求，B正确。 C选项：文中未提及大型工厂在原材料供应商转嫁监管成本方面的内容，C错误。 D选项：文中没有将大型工厂和小型工厂使用老旧生产技术的可能性进行对比，D错误。 E选项：文中没有比较大型工厂和小型工厂产生更具环境破坏性废物的可能性，E错误。

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