【OG24-515题】The idea that carotenoid-based coloration is significant partly because carotenoids are required for health suggests that a lack of bright coloration in a male is most likely to indicate which of the following?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Carotenoids, a family of natural pigments, form an important part of the colorful signals used by many animals. Animals acquire carotenoids either directly (from the plants and algae that produce them) or indirectly (by eating insects) and store them in a variety of tissues. Studies of several animal species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefer males with brighter carotenoid- based coloration. Owens and Olson hypothesize that the presence of carotenoids, as signaled by coloration, would be meaningful in the context of mate selection if carotenoids were either rare or required for health. The conventional view is that carotenoids are meaningful because they are rare: healthier males can forage for more of the pigments than can their inferior counterparts. Although this may be true, there is growing evidence that carotenoids are meaningful also because they are required: they are used by the immune system and for detoxification processes that are important for maintaining health. It may be that males can use scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and detoxification or for attracting females. Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.

The idea that carotenoid-based coloration is significant partly because carotenoids are required for health suggests that a lack of bright coloration in a male is most likely to indicate which of the following?

Inefficient detoxification processes immunity to parasite infestation low genetic resistance to disease lack of interest in mating lack of carotenoid-storing tissues

正确答案： C

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文章大意逻辑
文章围绕动物中类胡萝卜素展开。首先介绍类胡萝卜素是动物多彩信号的重要部分，动物获取和储存它的方式。接着指出研究显示雌性择偶偏爱有更亮类胡萝卜素颜色的雄性。然后提到Owens和Olson的假设：在配偶选择中类胡萝卜素的存在有意义，若其稀缺或对健康必需。传统观点认为类胡萝卜素因稀缺而有意义，更健康雄性可获取更多。但有证据表明其因对健康必需也有意义，它被免疫系统用于维持健康的解毒过程。雄性可能将稀缺类胡萝卜素用于免疫防御解毒或吸引雌性，易患病和受寄生虫影响的雄性用其增强免疫系统，基因抗性强的雄性则用其展示。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为新旧观点对比。 旧观点：The conventional view is that carotenoids are meaningful because they are rare. 新观点：there is growing evidence that carotenoids are meaningful also because they are required. 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道细节推断题，根据题干中“a lack of bright coloration in a male”以及“carotenoids are required for health”等关键信息定位到文中关于雄性使用类胡萝卜素和颜色表现关系的内容进行推断。 选项分析
A. Inefficient detoxification processes：文中未提及雄性颜色不亮和解毒过程效率低的直接联系，排除。 B. immunity to parasite infestation：与文意相悖，有寄生虫感染免疫的雄性应能用类胡萝卜素展示，颜色应更亮，排除。 C. low genetic resistance to disease：根据文中“雄性可能将稀缺类胡萝卜素用于免疫防御解毒或吸引雌性，易患病和受寄生虫影响的雄性用其增强免疫系统”，雄性颜色不亮可能因为对疾病基因抗性低，需用类胡萝卜素增强免疫，该项正确。 D. lack of interest in mating：文中未提及雄性颜色不亮和对交配兴趣缺乏的关系，排除。 E. lack of carotenoid storing tissues：文章未说颜色不亮是因为缺乏储存类胡萝卜素的组织，排除。

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