【OG24-516题】The passage suggests that relatively bright carotenoid-based coloration is a signal of which of the following characteristics in males of certain animal species? _mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Carotenoids, a family of natural pigments, form an important part of the colorful signals used by many animals. Animals acquire carotenoids either directly (from the plants and algae that produce them) or indirectly (by eating insects) and store them in a variety of tissues. Studies of several animal species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefer males with brighter carotenoid- based coloration. Owens and Olson hypothesize that the presence of carotenoids, as signaled by coloration, would be meaningful in the context of mate selection if carotenoids were either rare or required for health. The conventional view is that carotenoids are meaningful because they are rare: healthier males can forage for more of the pigments than can their inferior counterparts. Although this may be true, there is growing evidence that carotenoids are meaningful also because they are required: they are used by the immune system and for detoxification processes that are important for maintaining health. It may be that males can use scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and detoxification or for attracting females. Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.

The passage suggests that relatively bright carotenoid-based coloration is a signal of which of the following characteristics in males of certain animal species?

Readiness for mating behavior Ability to fight Particular feeding preferences Recovery from parasite infestation Fitness as a mate

正确答案： E

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文章大意逻辑
文章开篇介绍类胡萝卜素是许多动物用于彩色信号的重要部分，动物获取并储存它。接着说研究表明雌性在选择配偶时偏爱具有更明亮类胡萝卜素颜色的雄性。然后提出两种关于类胡萝卜素在配偶选择中有意义的观点：传统观点认为其有意义是因为稀有，健康的雄性能获取更多；新证据显示其有意义还因为是必需的，可用于免疫系统和解毒过程。雄性可能将稀缺的类胡萝卜素用于免疫防御或吸引雌性，易患病的雄性会用它增强免疫系统，而有遗传抗性的雄性则用它展示来吸引雌性。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为新旧观点对比。逻辑简图： Carotenoids important in animal color signals (获取及储存方式) Females prefer males with brighter carotenoid based coloration Conventional view: carotenoids meaningful because rare New evidence: carotenoids meaningful because required 做题方法及问题类型
问题类型为推断题，做题方法是根据文中关于类胡萝卜素颜色与雄性特征关系的描述进行推断，定位提示句子为“Studies of several animal species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefer males with brighter carotenoid based coloration.” 以及后文对类胡萝卜素作用的阐述。 选项分析
A选项（Readiness for mating behavior）：文中未提及更明亮的类胡萝卜素颜色是准备交配行为的信号，属于无中生有，排除。 B选项（Ability to fight）：文章没有将其与类胡萝卜素颜色建立联系，排除。 C选项（Particular feeding preferences）：文中没有相关表述，排除。 D选项（Recovery from parasite infestation）：文章只是说易患病的雄性用类胡萝卜素增强免疫，但没说颜色亮代表从寄生虫感染中恢复，排除。 E选项（Fitness as a mate）：雌性偏爱颜色更亮的雄性，说明这种颜色是作为配偶合适度的信号，符合文意，当选。

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