【OG24-512题】Which of the following is one difference between Type 2 situations and Type 4 situations, as they are described in the passage? _mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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In corporate purchasing, competitive scrutiny is typically limited to suppliers of items that are directly related to end products. With “indirect” purchases (such as computers, advertising, and legal services), which are not directly related to production, corporations often favor “supplier partnerships” (arrangements in which the purchaser forgoes the right to pursue alternative suppliers), which can inappropriately shelter suppliers from rigorous competitive scrutiny that might afford the purchaser economic leverage. There are two independent variables‐availability of alternatives and ease of changing suppliers‐that companies should use to evaluate the feasibility of subjecting suppliers of indirect purchases to competitive scrutiny. This can create four possible situations.

In Type 1 situations, there are many alternatives and change is relatively easy. Open pursuit of alternatives‐by frequent competitive bidding, if possible—will likely yield the best results. In Type 2 situations, where there are many alternatives but change is difficult—as for providers of employee health-care benefits—it is important to continuously test the market and use the results to secure concessions from existing suppliers. Alternatives provide a credible threat to suppliers, even if the ability to switch is constrained. In Type 3 situations, there are few alternatives, but the ability to switch without difficulty creates a threat that companies can use to negotiate concessions from existing suppliers. In Type 4 situations, where there are few alternatives and change is difficult, partnerships may be unavoidable.

Which of the following is one difference between Type 2 situations and Type 4 situations, as they are described in the passage?

The number of alternative suppliers available to the purchaser The most effective approach for the purchaser to use in obtaining competitive bids from potential suppliers The degree of difficulty the purchaser encounters when changing suppliers The frequency with which each type of situation occurs in a typical business environment The likelihood that any given purchase will be an indirect purchase

正确答案： A

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文章大意逻辑
文章开篇指出企业采购中，对直接与终端产品相关项目的供应商有竞争审查，而对“间接”采购（如电脑、广告、法律服务等），企业常青睐“供应商合作伙伴关系”，但这种关系可能不合理地保护供应商。接着提出有两个独立变量（替代供应商的可获得性和更换供应商的难易程度）可用于评估对间接采购供应商进行竞争审查的可行性，并由此产生四种可能情况： Type 1：替代供应商多，更换相对容易，公开寻求替代供应商效果最佳。 Type 2：替代供应商多，但更换困难，要持续测试市场并利用结果让现有供应商让步。 Type 3：替代供应商少，但更换容易，可用更换的威胁让现有供应商让步。 Type 4：替代供应商少，更换困难，可能不得不采用合作伙伴关系。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为总分结构。逻辑简图： Corporate purchasing competitive scrutiny for direct related items, "supplier partnerships" for indirect related items. Two independent variables to evaluate feasibility of competitive scrutiny for indirect related suppliers. Type 1: Many alternatives, easy to change. Type 2: Many alternatives, difficult to change. Type 3: Few alternatives, easy to change. Type 4: Few alternatives, difficult to change. 问题类型及做题方法
问题类型为细节题。做题方法是根据题干中“Type 2 situations and Type 4 situations”的定位提示，回到原文中分别描述这两种情况的段落找差异。 选项分析
A选项：采购商可获得的替代供应商数量。Type 2有很多替代供应商，Type 4替代供应商很少，该项符合二者差异，正确。 B选项：采购商从潜在供应商处获得竞争性投标的最有效方法。原文未提及这两种情况在该方面的差异，排除。 C选项：采购商更换供应商时遇到的困难程度。两种情况都提到更换困难，不是差异，排除。 D选项：每种情况在典型商业环境中发生的频率。原文未讨论发生频率，排除。 E选项：任何给定采购是间接采购的可能性。原文未围绕此对比两种情况，排除。

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