【OG24-513题】According to the passage, which of the following factors distinguishes an indirect purchase from other purchases? _mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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In corporate purchasing, competitive scrutiny is typically limited to suppliers of items that are directly related to end products. With “indirect” purchases (such as computers, advertising, and legal services), which are not directly related to production, corporations often favor “supplier partnerships” (arrangements in which the purchaser forgoes the right to pursue alternative suppliers), which can inappropriately shelter suppliers from rigorous competitive scrutiny that might afford the purchaser economic leverage. There are two independent variables‐availability of alternatives and ease of changing suppliers‐that companies should use to evaluate the feasibility of subjecting suppliers of indirect purchases to competitive scrutiny. This can create four possible situations.

In Type 1 situations, there are many alternatives and change is relatively easy. Open pursuit of alternatives‐by frequent competitive bidding, if possible—will likely yield the best results. In Type 2 situations, where there are many alternatives but change is difficult—as for providers of employee health-care benefits—it is important to continuously test the market and use the results to secure concessions from existing suppliers. Alternatives provide a credible threat to suppliers, even if the ability to switch is constrained. In Type 3 situations, there are few alternatives, but the ability to switch without difficulty creates a threat that companies can use to negotiate concessions from existing suppliers. In Type 4 situations, where there are few alternatives and change is difficult, partnerships may be unavoidable.

According to the passage, which of the following factors distinguishes an indirect purchase from other purchases?

The ability of the purchasing company to subject potential suppliers of the purchased item to competitive scrutiny The number of suppliers of the purchased item available to the purchasing company The methods of negotiation that are available to the purchasing company The relationship of the purchased item to the purchasing company’s end product The degree of importance of the purchased item in the purchasing company’s business operations

正确答案： D

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文章大意逻辑
文章开头指出企业采购中，对与终端产品直接相关物品的供应商通常进行竞争审查，而对于“间接”采购（如计算机、广告、法律服务等与生产不直接相关的采购），企业常倾向“供应商合作伙伴关系”，但这可能不当保护供应商。接着提出有两个独立变量（替代品的可用性和更换供应商的难易程度）可用于评估对间接采购供应商进行竞争审查的可行性，并由此创造出四种可能情况，随后分别阐述了这四种情况。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为总分结构。逻辑简图：总述：In corporate purchasing, competitive scrutiny for direct related suppliers, "supplier partnerships" for indirect purchases, two variables to evaluate competitive scrutiny for indirect suppliers 分述： Type 1: many alternatives, easy change Type 2: many alternatives, difficult change Type 3: few alternatives, easy change Type 4: few alternatives, difficult change 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道细节题，通过定位文中对“indirect purchase”（间接采购）的定义描述句子来解题，定位提示为第一段中“‘indirect’ purchases (such as computers, advertising, and legal services), which are not directly related to production” 。 选项分析
A选项：采购公司对所购物品潜在供应商进行竞争审查的能力。文中重点并非在采购公司审查能力区分间接采购，而是间接采购与生产的关系，该选项不符合，排除。 B选项：采购公司可获得的所购物品供应商数量。数量并非区分间接采购的关键，排除。 C选项：采购公司可用的谈判方法。谈判方法与区分间接采购无关，排除。 D选项：所购物品与采购公司终端产品的关系。符合文中对间接采购“not directly related to production”（与生产不直接相关）的定义，当选。 E选项：所购物品在采购公司业务运营中的重要程度。重要程度不是区分间接采购的依据，排除。

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