【OG24-465题】Which of the following most clearly represents an example of an“ecological service" as that term is used ?（highlight）_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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The argument for "monetizing"—or putting a monetary value on—ecosystem functions may be stated thus: Concern about the depletion of natural resources is widespread, but this concern, in the absence of an economic argument for conservation, has not translated into significant conservational progress. Some critics blame this impasse on environmentalists, whom they believe fail to address the economic issues of environmental degradation. Conservation can appear unprofitable when compared with the economic returns derived from converting natural assets (pristine coastlines, for example) into explicitly commercial ones (such as resort hotels). But according to David Pearce, that illusion stems from the fact that "services" provided by ecological systems are not traded on the commodities market, and thus have no readily quantifiable value. To remedy this, says Pearce, one has to show that all ecosystems have economic value-indeed, that all ecological services are economic services.Tourists visiting wildlife preserves, for example, create jobs and generate income for national economies undisturbed forests and wetlands regulate water runoff and act as water—purifying systems, saving millions of dollars worth of damage to property and to marine ecosystems. In Gretchen Daily’s view,monetization, while unpopular with many environmentalists, reflects the dominant role that economic considerations play in human behavior, and the expression of economic value in a common currency helps inform environmental decision-making processes.

Which of the following most clearly represents an example of an“ecological service" as that term is used ?（highlight）

A resort hotel located in an area noted for its natural beauty A water-purifying plant that supplements natural processes with nontoxic chemicals A wildlife preserve that draws many international travelers A nonprofit firm that specializes in restoring previously damaged ecosystems A newsletter that keeps readers informed of ecological victories and setbacks

正确答案： C

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文章大意逻辑
文章讨论了将生态系统功能“货币化”的观点。开篇提出：人们广泛关注自然资源枯竭，但缺乏经济层面论据使保护进展不佳。一些批评者指责环保主义者未处理经济问题。接着引用David Pearce的观点，指出生态系统提供的服务因未在商品市场交易所以没有可量化价值，要解决此问题需表明生态系统有经济价值。还举例说明生态服务有经济价值，如野生动物保护区创造就业和收入，森林和湿地调节径流等。最后提到Gretchen Daily的观点，货币化虽不受一些环保主义者欢迎，但反映了经济因素在人类行为中的主导作用，且用通用货币表达经济价值有助于环境决策。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为观点阐述型。逻辑简图： Concern about natural resource depletion without economic argument → conservation impasse Critics blame environmentalists David Pearce: ecological services lack quantifiable value, should show economic value Examples of ecological services' economic value (wildlife preserves, forests and wetlands) Gretchen Daily: monetization reflects economic role in human behavior, helps environmental decision making 问题类型及做题方法
问题类型为细节题。做题方法是根据“ecological service”定位原文中对生态服务的举例等描述来判断选项。 选项分析
A选项：位于自然美景地区的度假酒店，这是将自然资源转化为商业资产的例子，不是生态服务本身，排除。 B选项：用无毒化学物质辅助自然过程的净水厂，重点在工厂的人工辅助，不是自然生态系统本身提供的服务，排除。 C选项：吸引很多国际游客的野生动物保护区，符合原文中提到的生态服务（如创造就业和收入等经济价值）的例子，当选。 D选项：专门修复受损生态系统的非营利公司，主体是公司的修复行为，不是生态服务，排除。 E选项：让读者了解生态胜利和挫折的通讯，与生态服务无关，排除。

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