【OG24-528题】The passage suggests that which of the following is true of a manufacturer's fixed and sunk costs?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

最新题目

题目内容

纠错

Manufacturers have to do more than build large manufacturing plants to realize economies of scale.It is true that as the capacity of a manufacturing operation rises, costs per unit of output fall as plant size approaches "minimum efficient scale," where the cost per unit of output reaches a minimum, determined roughly by the state of existing technology and size of the potential market. However, minimum efficient scale cannot be fully realized unless a steady "throughput" (the flow of materials through a plant) is attained. The throughput needed to maintain the optimal scale of production requires careful coordination not only of the flow of goods through the production process, but also of the flow of input from suppliers and the flow of output to wholesalers and final consumers. If throughput falls below a critical point, unit costs rise sharply and profits disappear. A manufacturer’s fixed costs and "sunk costs" (original capital investment in the physical plant) do not decrease when production declines due to inadequate supplies of raw materials, problems on the factory floor, or inefficient sales networks. Consequently, potential economies of scale are based on the physical and engineering characteristics of the production facilities—that is, on tangible capital—but realized economies of scale are operational and organizational, and depend on knowledge, skills, experience, and teamwork—that is, on organized human capabilities, or intangible capital.

The importance of investing in intangible capital becomes obvious when one looks at what happens in new capital-intensive manufacturing industries. Such industries are quickly dominated, not by the first firms to acquire technologically sophisticated plants of theoretically optimal size, but rather by the first to exploit the full potential of such plants. Once some firms achieve this, a market becomes extremely hard to enter. Challengers must construct comparable plants and do so after the first movers have already worked out problems with suppliers or with new production processes. Challengers must create distribution networks and marketing systems in markets where first movers have all the contacts and know-how. And challengers must recruit management teams to compete with those that have already mastered these functional and strategic activities.

The passage suggests that which of the following is true of a manufacturer's fixed and sunk costs?

The extent to which they are determined by market conditions for the goods being manufactured is frequently underestimated. If they are kept as low as possible, the manufacturer is very likely to realize significant profits. They are the primary factor that determines whether a manufacturer will realize economies of scale. They should be on a par with the fixed and sunk costs of the manufacturer’s competitors. They are not affected by fluctuations in a manufacturing plant’s throughput.

正确答案： E

参考解析

提交我的解析

文章大意逻辑
文章开篇指出制造商要实现规模经济，不能仅靠建造大型工厂。接着说明随着生产运营能力上升，单位成本在达到“最低有效规模”时下降，但最低有效规模需稳定的“ throughput（物料流量）”才能实现，且这需要协调货物、输入和输出的流动。然后提到制造商的固定成本和“沉没成本”不会随生产下降而减少，潜在规模经济基于生产设施物理特性，而实现的规模经济依赖运营和组织因素，如知识、技能等。最后以新资本密集型制造业为例，强调投资无形资本的重要性。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为观点阐述型。逻辑简图： Manufacturers need more than large plants for economies of scale. Capacity cost relationship & need for steady throughput. Fixed and sunk costs don't decrease with production decline. Potential vs. realized economies of scale factors. Importance of intangible capital investment in new industries. 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道细节推断题，通过定位文中关于制造商固定和沉没成本的描述来解题，定位提示句子为“A manufacturer’s fixed costs and "sunk costs" (original capital investment in the physical plant) do not decrease when production declines due to inadequate supplies of raw materials, problems on the factory floor, or inefficient sales networks.”。 选项分析
A选项：文中未提及固定和沉没成本受市场条件决定的程度是否被低估，属于无中生有，排除。 B选项：文中没有表明将固定和沉没成本保持在最低限度就很可能实现显著利润，排除。 C选项：文章说实现规模经济依赖运营和组织等多方面因素，并非固定和沉没成本是决定是否实现规模经济的主要因素，排除。 D选项：文中未提及要与竞争对手的固定和沉没成本相当，排除。 E选项：根据文中“ A manufacturer’s fixed costs and "sunk costs" (original capital investment in the physical plant) do not decrease when production declines due to inadequate supplies of raw materials, problems on the factory floor, or inefficient sales networks.”可知，固定和沉没成本不受生产设施物料流量波动影响，该项正确。

题目讨论 (如果对题目有任何的疑惑，欢迎在这里提出来，大家会帮你解答的哦~)

还没有人评论,赶快抢个沙发~

做题笔记

参考解析

题目讨论 (如果对题目有任何的疑惑，欢迎在这里提出来，大家会帮你解答的哦~)

请选择错误类型：

请描述一下这个错误：