【OG24-527题】The passage suggests that in order for a manufacturer in a capital-intensive industry to have a decisive advantage over competitors making similar products, the manufacturer must_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

最新题目

题目内容

纠错

Manufacturers have to do more than build large manufacturing plants to realize economies of scale.It is true that as the capacity of a manufacturing operation rises, costs per unit of output fall as plant size approaches "minimum efficient scale," where the cost per unit of output reaches a minimum, determined roughly by the state of existing technology and size of the potential market. However, minimum efficient scale cannot be fully realized unless a steady "throughput" (the flow of materials through a plant) is attained. The throughput needed to maintain the optimal scale of production requires careful coordination not only of the flow of goods through the production process, but also of the flow of input from suppliers and the flow of output to wholesalers and final consumers. If throughput falls below a critical point, unit costs rise sharply and profits disappear. A manufacturer’s fixed costs and "sunk costs" (original capital investment in the physical plant) do not decrease when production declines due to inadequate supplies of raw materials, problems on the factory floor, or inefficient sales networks. Consequently, potential economies of scale are based on the physical and engineering characteristics of the production facilities—that is, on tangible capital—but realized economies of scale are operational and organizational, and depend on knowledge, skills, experience, and teamwork—that is, on organized human capabilities, or intangible capital.

The importance of investing in intangible capital becomes obvious when one looks at what happens in new capital-intensive manufacturing industries. Such industries are quickly dominated, not by the first firms to acquire technologically sophisticated plants of theoretically optimal size, but rather by the first to exploit the full potential of such plants. Once some firms achieve this, a market becomes extremely hard to enter. Challengers must construct comparable plants and do so after the first movers have already worked out problems with suppliers or with new production processes. Challengers must create distribution networks and marketing systems in markets where first movers have all the contacts and know-how. And challengers must recruit management teams to compete with those that have already mastered these functional and strategic activities.

The passage suggests that in order for a manufacturer in a capital-intensive industry to have a decisive advantage over competitors making similar products, the manufacturer must

be the first in the industry to build production facilities of theoretically optimal size make every effort to keep fixed and sunk costs as low as possible be one of the first to operate its manufacturing plants at minimum efficient scale produce goods of higher quality than those produced by direct competitors stockpile raw materials at production sites in order to ensure a steady flow of such materials

正确答案： C

参考解析

提交我的解析

文章大意逻辑
文章开篇指出制造商仅建造大型制造工厂不足以实现规模经济。接着说明当制造业务产能上升，单位成本会下降，但只有达到稳定的“产出量”（throughput）才能充分实现最小有效规模（minimum efficient scale），这需要协调货物、供应商输入和输出的流动。随后提到制造商固定成本不会因生产下降而减少。最后强调在新的资本密集型制造业中，投资无形资本很重要，占据主导地位的是最先充分利用工厂潜力的企业，而非最先拥有理论最优规模工厂的企业。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为观点阐述型。逻辑简图： Manufacturers need more than large plants for economies of scale. Minimum efficient scale & throughput relationship. Fixed costs don't decrease with production decline. Importance of intangible capital investment in new capital intensive industries. 问题类型及做题方法
问题类型为推断题，做题方法是根据题干中“capital intensive industry”“decisive advantage”等关键词定位到文章后半部分关于新资本密集型制造业的论述。 选项分析
A选项：文中未提及率先建造理论最优规模生产设施就能有决定性优势，排除。 B选项：文章没有围绕固定和沉没成本展开说降低它们就能有优势，排除。 C选项：对应文中“such industries are quickly dominated, not by the first firms to acquire technologically sophisticated plants of theoretically optimal size, but rather by the first to exploit the full potential of such plants”，率先以最小有效规模运营制造工厂，符合文意，当选。 D选项：文章未提及产品质量与决定性优势的关系，排除。 E选项：文中没有表明储备原材料就能有决定性优势，排除。

题目讨论 (如果对题目有任何的疑惑，欢迎在这里提出来，大家会帮你解答的哦~)

还没有人评论,赶快抢个沙发~

做题笔记

参考解析

题目讨论 (如果对题目有任何的疑惑，欢迎在这里提出来，大家会帮你解答的哦~)

请选择错误类型：

请描述一下这个错误：