【OG24-457题】The passage mentions each of the following as a function regulated by the SCNs in some animals EXCEPT_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构_mofa留学圈

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Scientists long believed that two nerve clusters in the human hypothalamus, called suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNs), were what controlled our circadian rhythms. Those rhythms are the biological cycles that recur approximately every 24 hours in synchronization with the cycle of sunlight and darkness caused by Earth’s rotation. Studies have demonstrated that in some animals, the SCNs control daily fluctuations in blood pressure, body temperature, activity level, and alertness, as well as the nighttime release of the sleep-promoting agent melatonin. Furthermore, cells in the human retina dedicated to transmitting information about light levels to the SCNs have recently been discovered.

Four critical genes governing circadian cycles have been found to be active in every tissue, however, not just the SCNs, of flies, mice, and humans. In addition, when laboratory rats that usually ate at will were fed only once a day, peak activity of a clock gene in their livers shifted by 12 hours, whereas the same clock gene in the SCNs remained synchronized with light cycles. While scientists do not dispute the role of the SCNs in controlling core functions such as the regulation of body temperature and blood pressure, scientists now believe that circadian clocks in other organs and tissues may respond to external cues other than light—including temperature changes—that recur regularly every 24 hours.

The passage mentions each of the following as a function regulated by the SCNs in some animals EXCEPT

activity level blood pressure alertness vision temperature

正确答案： D

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文章大意逻辑
文章开篇指出科学家长期以来认为人类下丘脑中的视交叉上核（SCNs）控制着昼夜节律，这些节律是与地球自转引起的昼夜循环同步的生物周期，且研究表明SCNs在一些动物中控制着血压、体温、活动水平、警觉性等的日常波动，还发现了人类视网膜中向SCNs传递光水平信息的细胞。接着话锋一转，指出在果蝇、老鼠和人类中，控制昼夜节律的关键基因在每个组织中都活跃，不只是在SCNs中。此外，实验室老鼠的实验表明肝脏中的时钟基因活性会因喂食改变而变化，同时SCNs中相同基因仍与光周期同步。虽然科学家不质疑SCNs在控制核心功能中的作用，但现在认为其他器官和组织中的生物钟可能对除光以外的外部线索（包括温度变化）做出反应。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为新旧观点对比。 Old view：SCNs controlled our circadian rhythms. Support for old view：In some animals, SCNs control daily fluctuations in blood pressure, body temperature, activity level, and alertness, and cells in human retina for light level info to SCNs were discovered. New view：Circadian clocks in other organs and tissues may respond to external cues other than light. Support for new view：Critical genes for circadian cycles are active in every tissue; liver clock gene activity change in lab rats while SCNs gene remains synced with light cycles. 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道细节排除题，通过定位文中关于SCNs在一些动物中调节功能的描述来排除选项。定位提示句子为“Studies have demonstrated that in some animals, the SCNs control daily fluctuations in blood pressure, body temperature, activity level, and alertness, as well as the nighttime release of the sleep promoting agent melatonin.” 选项分析
A选项activity level：文中明确提到SCNs控制活动水平，所以该选项不符合题意，排除。 B选项blood pressure：文中表明SCNs控制血压的日常波动，该选项不符合题意，排除。 C选项alertness：同样在文中提到SCNs控制警觉性，该选项不符合题意，排除。 D选项vision：文中未提及SCNs在一些动物中调节视力，该选项符合题意，当选。 E选项temperature：文中有说SCNs控制体温，该选项不符合题意，排除。

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