【OG24-475题】The passage suggests that the opposition to banks in the South in the early nineteenth century stemmed in part from the perception that banks_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Historians remain divided over the role of banks in facilitating economic growth in the United States in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Some scholars contend that banks played a minor role in the nation's growing economy. Financial institutions, they argue, appeared only after the economy had begun to develop, and once organized, followed conservative lending practices, providing aid to established commercial enterprises but shunning those, such as manufacturing and transportation projects, that were more uncertain and capital-intensive (i.e., requiring greater expenditures in the form of capital than in labor).

A growing number of historians argue, in contrast, that banks were crucial in transforming the early national economy. When state legislatures began granting more bank charters in the 1790s and early 1800s, the supply of credit rose accordingly. Unlike the earliest banks, which had primarily provided short-term loans to well-connected merchants, the banks of the early nineteenth century issued credit widely. As Paul Gilje asserts, the expansion and democratization of credit in the early nineteenth century became the driving force of the American economy, as banks began furnishing large amounts of capital to transportation and industrial enterprises. The exception, such historians argue, was in the South; here, the overwhelmingly agrarian nature of the economy generated outright opposition to banks, which were seen as monopolistic institutions controlled by an elite group of planters.

The passage suggests that the opposition to banks in the South in the early nineteenth century stemmed in part from the perception that banks

did not benefit more than a small minority of the people did not support the interests of elite planters were too closely tied to transportation and industrial interests were unwilling to issue the long-term loans required by agrarian interests were too willing to lend credit widely

正确答案： A

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文章大意逻辑
历史学家对于18世纪末19世纪初美国银行在促进经济增长中的作用存在分歧。一些学者认为银行在美国经济增长中作用小，金融机构在经济发展后才出现，且放贷保守。然而，越来越多的历史学家认为银行在转变早期国家经济中至关重要，19世纪初银行信贷扩张，为交通和工业企业提供大量资金，但南方是例外，南方农业经济对银行持反对态度，认为银行是种植园主精英控制的垄断机构。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型：新旧观点对比 逻辑简图 Old view: Some scholars banks played a minor role, appeared after economy developed, conservative lending New view: A growing number of historians banks crucial, credit expansion in 19th early, South was an exception (opposition due to agrarian nature, seen as monopolistic by planter elite) 做题方法及问题类型
本题是推断题，通过定位到文章中关于19世纪初南方对银行反对态度的相关描述来推断原因。定位提示句子为“The exception, such historians argue, was in the South; here, the overwhelmingly agrarian nature of the economy generated outright opposition to banks, which were seen as monopolistic institutions controlled by an elite group of planters.” 选项分析
A选项：对少数人有利。南方认为银行是种植园主精英控制的垄断机构，也就意味着银行只对少数精英有利，符合南方反对银行的原因，该选项正确。 B选项：不支持种植园主精英的利益。与原文中银行被看作是种植园主精英控制的机构相悖，错误。 C选项：与交通和工业利益联系太紧密。文章强调南方是农业经济，反对银行并非因为银行与交通和工业利益联系紧密，错误。 D选项：不愿意发放农业利益所需的长期贷款。原文未提及银行在这方面的内容，错误。 E选项：太愿意广泛放贷。这与南方反对银行的原因不符，错误。

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