【OG24-476题】Which of the following statements best describes the function of the last sentence of the passage?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Historians remain divided over the role of banks in facilitating economic growth in the United States in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Some scholars contend that banks played a minor role in the nation's growing economy. Financial institutions, they argue, appeared only after the economy had begun to develop, and once organized, followed conservative lending practices, providing aid to established commercial enterprises but shunning those, such as manufacturing and transportation projects, that were more uncertain and capital-intensive (i.e., requiring greater expenditures in the form of capital than in labor).

A growing number of historians argue, in contrast, that banks were crucial in transforming the early national economy. When state legislatures began granting more bank charters in the 1790s and early 1800s, the supply of credit rose accordingly. Unlike the earliest banks, which had primarily provided short-term loans to well-connected merchants, the banks of the early nineteenth century issued credit widely. As Paul Gilje asserts, the expansion and democratization of credit in the early nineteenth century became the driving force of the American economy, as banks began furnishing large amounts of capital to transportation and industrial enterprises. The exception, such historians argue, was in the South; here, the overwhelmingly agrarian nature of the economy generated outright opposition to banks, which were seen as monopolistic institutions controlled by an elite group of planters.

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the last sentence of the passage?

It provides evidence tending to undermine the viewpoint of the scholars mentioned in the highlighted text. It resolves a conflict over the role of banks summarized in the first paragraph. It clarifies some of the reasons state legislatures began granting more bank charters. It qualifies a claim made earlier in the passage about the impact of banks on the American economy in the early nineteenth century. It supports a claim made earlier in the passage about how the expansion of credit affected the economy.

正确答案： D

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文章大意逻辑
文章主要探讨了历史学家对于18世纪末19世纪初美国银行在促进经济增长中所起作用的不同观点。一些学者认为银行在美国经济增长中作用较小，金融机构在经济发展后才出现，且贷款保守。而越来越多的历史学家则持相反观点，认为银行在转变早期国家经济中至关重要，19世纪初银行信贷扩张，成为美国经济的驱动力，不过南方因农业经济对银行持反对态度。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为新旧观点对比。 Old view：Some scholars contend that banks played a minor role in the nation's growing economy. Financial institutions appeared late and had conservative lending practices. New view：A growing number of historians argue that banks were crucial in transforming the early national economy. Credit expanded in the early nineteenth century and banks became the driving force, except in the South. 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道功能题，通过定位文章最后一句话，分析其在文中所起的作用。 选项分析
A选项：文章最后一句说南方经济以农业为主，对银行持反对态度，这并非是削弱那些认为银行作用小的学者观点的证据，该选项错误。 B选项：文章只是呈现两种观点，并没有解决第一段提到的关于银行作用的冲突，最后一句也没有起到这个作用，该选项错误。 C选项：最后一句没有解释州立法机构开始发放更多银行特许证的原因，该选项错误。 D选项：前面提到19世纪初银行信贷扩张成为美国经济驱动力，最后一句指出南方是例外，对前面关于银行对19世纪初美国经济影响的说法进行了限定，该选项正确。 E选项：最后一句重点在说南方对银行的态度是例外情况，并非支持前面信贷扩张对经济影响的说法，该选项错误。

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