【OG24-538题】According to the passage, which of the following is true of plant antiherbivore chemistry?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Resin is a plant secretion that hardens when exposed to air; fossilized resin is called amber. Although Pliny in the first century recognized that amber was produced from "marrow discharged by trees," amber has been widely misunderstood to be a semiprecious gem and has even been described in mineralogy textbooks. Confusion also persists surrounding the term "resin,"which was defined before rigorous chemical analyses were available. Resin is often confused with gum, a substance produced in plants in response to bacterial infections, and with sap, an aqueous solution transported through certain plant tissues. Resin differs from both gum and sap in that scientists have not determined a physiological function for resin.

In the 1950s, entomologists posited that resin may function to repel or attract insects. Fraenkel conjectured that plants initially produced resin in nonspecific chemical responses to insect attack and that, over time, plants evolved that produced resin with specific repellent effects. But some insect species, he noted, might overcome the repellent effects, actually becoming attracted to the resin. This might induce the insects to feed on those plants or aid them in securing a breeding site. Later researchers suggested that resin mediates the complex interdependence, or "coevolution," of plants and insects over time. Such ideas led to the development of the specialized discipline of chemical ecology, which is concerned with the role of plant chemicals in interactions with other organisms and with the evolution and ecology of plant antiherbivore chemistry (plants' chemical defenses against attack by herbivores such as insects).

According to the passage, which of the following is true of plant antiherbivore chemistry?

Changes in a plant’s antiherbivore chemistry may affect insect feeding behavior. A plants repellent effects often involve interactions between gum and resin. A plants antiherbivore responses assist in combating bacterial infections. Plant antiherbivore chemistry plays only a minor role in the coevolution of plants and insects. Researchers first studied repellent effects in plants beginning in the 1950s.

正确答案： A

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文章大意逻辑
文章开篇介绍树脂（resin）及琥珀（amber），指出琥珀常被误解，“树脂”概念也易混淆。接着讲述20世纪50年代昆虫学家认为树脂可能用于驱赶或吸引昆虫，Fraenkel猜想植物起初对昆虫攻击产生非特异性化学响应，后来进化出有特定驱赶作用的树脂，但有些昆虫物种能克服驱赶效果。随后提到后来的研究者认为树脂介导了植物和昆虫的“共同进化”，这些想法促进了化学生态学这一专门学科的发展，该学科关注植物化学物质在与其他生物相互作用以及植物抗食草动物化学方面的作用。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为现象解释型。逻辑简图： Resin & Amber: Plant secretion, fossilized resin is amber, widely misunderstood Resin confusion: Confused with gum, sap 1950s entomologists: Resin may repel or attract insects Fraenkel: Initial non specific response, then evolved specific repellent effects, but some insects overcome Later researchers: Resin mediates coevolution, leads to chemical ecology 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道细节题，通过题干关键词“plant antiherbivore chemistry”定位到文章中相关表述来解题。 选项分析
A选项：“Changes in a plant's antiherbivore chemistry may affect insect feeding behavior.”，文章中提到植物起初对昆虫攻击有化学响应，后来进化出特定驱赶效果，说明植物抗食草动物化学的变化会影响昆虫进食行为，该选项正确。 B选项：文中未提及植物驱避效果常涉及树胶（gum）和树脂（resin）之间的相互作用，无中生有，排除。 C选项：文章未表明植物抗食草动物响应有助于对抗细菌感染，无中生有，排除。 D选项：文中说化学生态学关注植物抗食草动物化学在植物和昆虫共同进化中的作用，并非其只起次要作用，与原文不符，排除。 E选项：文中未提及研究者从20世纪50年代开始首次研究植物的驱避效果，无中生有，排除。

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