【OG24-539题】Of the following topics, which would be most likely to be studied within the discipline of chemical ecology as it is described in the passage?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Resin is a plant secretion that hardens when exposed to air; fossilized resin is called amber. Although Pliny in the first century recognized that amber was produced from "marrow discharged by trees," amber has been widely misunderstood to be a semiprecious gem and has even been described in mineralogy textbooks. Confusion also persists surrounding the term "resin,"which was defined before rigorous chemical analyses were available. Resin is often confused with gum, a substance produced in plants in response to bacterial infections, and with sap, an aqueous solution transported through certain plant tissues. Resin differs from both gum and sap in that scientists have not determined a physiological function for resin.

In the 1950s, entomologists posited that resin may function to repel or attract insects. Fraenkel conjectured that plants initially produced resin in nonspecific chemical responses to insect attack and that, over time, plants evolved that produced resin with specific repellent effects. But some insect species, he noted, might overcome the repellent effects, actually becoming attracted to the resin. This might induce the insects to feed on those plants or aid them in securing a breeding site. Later researchers suggested that resin mediates the complex interdependence, or "coevolution," of plants and insects over time. Such ideas led to the development of the specialized discipline of chemical ecology, which is concerned with the role of plant chemicals in interactions with other organisms and with the evolution and ecology of plant antiherbivore chemistry (plants' chemical defenses against attack by herbivores such as insects).

Of the following topics, which would be most likely to be studied within the discipline of chemical ecology as it is described in the passage?

Seeds that become attached to certain insects, which in turn carry away the seeds and aid in the reproductive cycle of the plant species in question An insect species that feeds on weeds detrimental to crop health and yield,and how these insects might aid in agricultural production The effects of deforestation on the life cycles of subtropical carnivorous plants and the insect species on which the plants feed The growth patterns of a particular species of plant that has proved remarkably resistant to herbicides Insects that develop a tolerance for feeding on a plant that had previously been toxic to them, and the resultant changes within that plant species

正确答案： E

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文章大意逻辑
文章开篇介绍树脂（resin）是植物分泌物，化石树脂即琥珀（amber），但琥珀常被误解，“树脂”一词也存在混淆，它常与树胶（gum）、树液（sap）弄混，且科学家未确定其生理功能。接着讲述20世纪50年代，昆虫学家认为树脂可能有驱避或吸引昆虫的功能，后续研究者提出树脂介导了植物和昆虫的“共同进化”，这推动了化学生态学（chemical ecology）这一学科的发展，该学科关注植物化学物质在与其他生物相互作用中的作用以及植物食草动物化学的进化和生态。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为现象解释型。逻辑简图： Resin introduction: Resin is plant secretion, amber is fossilized resin, but there are misunderstandings about amber and confusion about "resin", confused with gum and sap, no determined physiological function. Resin insect hypothesis: In 1950s, entomologists posited resin may repel or attract insects, later "co evolution" idea. Discipline development: Led to chemical ecology, which focuses on plant chemicals' role in organism interactions. 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道细节推断题，做题方法是根据对化学生态学定义的理解，推断选项内容是否符合该学科研究范畴。定位提示为文章中对化学生态学的描述 “which is concerned with the role of plant chemicals in interactions with other organisms and with the evolution and ecology of plant antherbivore chemistry” 。 选项分析
A选项：种子附着在某些昆虫上，昆虫携带种子并帮助植物繁殖。主要说的是种子和昆虫的物理关系，未涉及植物化学物质在相互作用中的角色，不符合化学生态学研究范畴。 B选项：以对作物健康和产量有害的杂草为食的昆虫物种，以及这些昆虫如何有助于农业生产。重点在昆虫与杂草、农业生产的关系，未突出植物化学物质的作用，不符合。 C选项：森林砍伐对亚热带食肉植物和其捕食的昆虫物种生命周期的影响。强调的是森林砍伐这一环境因素的影响，而非植物化学物质的作用，不符合。 D选项：一种对除草剂具有显著抗性的特定植物物种的生长模式。只是关于植物生长模式和对除草剂抗性，没有体现植物化学物质与其他生物的相互作用，不符合。 E选项：昆虫对以前对它们有毒的植物产生耐受性，以及该植物物种内的由此产生的变化。体现了植物化学物质（植物的毒性）与昆虫之间的相互作用以及进化关系，符合化学生态学的研究范畴。所以答案是E。

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