【OG24-556题】The passage suggests which of the following about the diet of the Dallas communities?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Historical documents have revealed that among the Timucua of Florida, a Native American people, the best from the hunt or the harvest was given to families of high social status, even in times of economic stress. Archaeological research suggests a similar relationship between social status and diet in the Dallas communities of eastern Tennessee, prehistoric Native American groups with a social organization and economy similar to that of the Timucua. The first real clue came when archaeologists discovered that skeletons of higher-status individuals tended to be several centimeters taller than those of people of lower status.

In the largest Dallas communities, some individuals were buried in the earthen mounds that served as substructures for buildings important to civic and religious affairs. These burials included quantities of finely crafted items made of nonlocal material, denoting the high political standing of those interred. Burials of lower-status individuals contained primarily utilitarian items such as cooking vessels and chipped Stone tools and are located in more remote sections of the settlements. The burials actually formed a pattern, the tallest skeletons being found in the mounds, and the heights declining as burials became more distant from the mounds. While it is possible that taller people were simply more successful in achieving high social standing, it is more likely that a number of stresses, including those resulting from a relatively poor diet, which could affect stature, were common among the lower-status groups.

Excavations indicate that three food categories made up the bulk of the population's diet: agricultural crops cultivated in the fertile alluvial soils where the communities were located, game, and wild edible plants, primarily nuts. Information about dietary variation among community members is derived by analyzing trace elements in human bone. Higher than normal levels of manganese, strontium, and vanadium probably indicate a less nutritious diet heavily dependent on edible plants. Very low concentrations of vanadium, which is scarce in meats and somewhat lower in nuts than in other plant resources, are good evidence of meat consumption and thus a better balanced-diet. As expected, vanadium was found in considerably greater quantities in skeletons in the burials of lower-status groups.

The passage suggests which of the following about the diet of the Dallas communities?

Wild edible plants were a relatively minor element in the diet. Game was less likely to be available to lower-status individuals than were edible plants. The diet was composed primarily of agricultural crops when game was scarce. The diet was obtained entirely from local food sources. The diet was well balanced, especially at harvest time.

正确答案： B

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文章大意逻辑
文章开篇通过历史文献表明在佛罗里达的蒂穆夸人中，最好的狩猎或收获物会给社会地位高的家庭，即使在经济紧张时期也是如此。接着指出考古研究显示田纳西东部达拉斯社区（社会和经济组织与蒂穆夸人类似）中社会地位和饮食也有类似关系，比如高地位者的骨骼比低地位者高几厘米。然后描述在最大的达拉斯社区中，高地位者墓葬有精制物品且在重要建筑地基土丘中，低地位者墓葬多为实用物品且位置偏远，墓葬呈现出骨骼高度随与土丘距离增加而降低的模式。最后说明挖掘表明该社区人口饮食主要由种植的农作物、猎物和野生可食用植物（主要是坚果）组成。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型：总分结构。逻辑简图： Topic: Social status and diet relationship in pre historic Native American groups Timucua: Best from hunt/harvest to high status families Dallas communities Skeletons: Higher status taller Burials: High status in mounds with fine items, low status with utilitarian items in remote sections Diet: Agricultural crops, game, wild edible plants 做题方法及问题类型
问题类型为推断题，做题方法是根据文章中关于达拉斯社区饮食以及社会地位和获取食物关系的描述进行推断。定位提示句子为“Archaeological research suggests a similar relationship between social status and diet in the Dallas communities of eastern Tennessee...”等涉及达拉斯社区社会地位和饮食的内容。 选项分析
A选项：文章未提及野生可食用植物在饮食中是相对次要元素，无依据，排除。 B选项：从“考古研究表明达拉斯社区社会地位和饮食有类似关系，高地位者骨骼更高”以及“墓葬情况反映地位差异”可推断，低地位者可能更难获得猎物，而可食用植物相对更容易获取，该项合理，当选。 C选项：文章没说猎物稀缺时饮食主要由农作物构成，排除。 D选项：“完全来自当地食物来源”过于绝对，文章未提及，排除。 E选项：文章未提及饮食是否均衡，尤其在收获季节，排除。

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