【OG24-609题】It can be inferred that both Burckhardt and Kelly have been criticized by the scholars mentioned in highlight line for which of the following?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Jacob Burckhardt’s view that Renaissance European women “stood on a footing of perfect equality” with Renaissance men has been repeatedly cited by feminist scholars as a prelude to their presentation of rich historical evidence of women’s inequality. In striking contrast to Burckhardt, Joan Kelly in her famous 1977 essay, “Did Women Have a Renaissance?” argued that the Renaissance was a period of economic and social decline for women relative both to Renaissance men and to medieval women. Recently, however, a significant trend among feminist scholars has entailed a rejection of both Kelly’s dark vision of the Renaissance and Burckhardt’s rosy one. Many recent works by these scholars stress the ways in which differences among Renaissance women—especially in terms of social status and religion—work to complicate the kinds of generalizations both Burckhardt and Kelly made on the basis of their observations about upper-class Italian women.

The trend is also evident, however, in works focusing on those middle- and upper-class European women whose ability to write gives them disproportionate representation in the historical record. Such women were, simply by virtue of their literacy, members of a tiny minority of the population, so it is risky to take their descriptions of their experiences as typical of “female experience” in any general sense. Tina Krontiris, for example, in her fascinating study of six Renaissance women writers, does tend at times to conflate “women” and “women writers,” assuming that women’s gender, irrespective of other social differences, including literacy, allows us to view women as a homogeneous social group and make that group an object of analysis. Nonetheless, Krontiris makes a significant contribution to the field and is representative of those authors who offer what might be called a cautiously optimistic assessment of Renaissance women’s achievements, although she also stresses the social obstacles Renaissance women faced when they sought to raise their “oppositional voices.” Krontiris is concerned to show women intentionally negotiating some power for themselves (at least in the realm of public discourse) against potentially constraining ideologies, but in her sober and thoughtful concluding remarks, she suggests that such verbal opposition to cultural stereotypes was highly circumscribed; women seldom attacked the basic assumptions in the ideologies that oppressed them.

It can be inferred that both Burckhardt and Kelly have been criticized by the scholars mentioned in highlight line for which of the following?

Assuming that women writers of the Renaissance are representative of Renaissance women in general Drawing conclusions that are based on the study of an atypical group of women Failing to describe clearly the relationship between social status and literacy among Renaissance women Failing to acknowledge the role played by Renaissance women in opposing cultural stereotypes Failing to acknowledge the ways in which social status affected the creative activities of Renaissance women

正确答案： B

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文章大意逻辑
文章开篇指出雅各布·布克哈特认为文艺复兴时期欧洲女性与男性地位平等，这一观点常被女权主义学者引用作为展示女性不平等历史证据的前奏。与之形成鲜明对比的是，琼·凯利在1977年的文章中认为文艺复兴时期女性在经济和社会方面相对男性及中世纪女性处于衰落状态。然而，最近女权主义学者中有一个显著趋势，即拒绝布克哈特的乐观观点和凯利的悲观观点，他们强调文艺复兴时期女性之间的差异，尤其是社会地位和宗教方面，这使得布克哈特和凯利基于对上层意大利女性观察所得出的概括变得复杂。接着文章指出关注能写作的中上层欧洲女性的作品也体现了这一趋势，这类女性因识字在历史记录中占比过高，以她们为典型具有风险，蒂娜·克龙特里丝的研究就是例子，尽管她的研究有一定问题，但也做出了贡献。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型：新旧观点对比。逻辑简图： Old view 1：Burckhardt Renaissance European women “stood on a footing of perfect equality” with men Old view 2：Kelly Renaissance was a period of economic and social decline for women New view：Feminist scholars reject both views, stress differences among Renaissance women 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道推断题，通过定位到高亮部分提及的“scholars”对Burckhardt和Kelly的批判相关内容进行推断。 选项分析
A选项：文中未提及认为文艺复兴时期女性作家能代表全体文艺复兴女性这一点是他们被批判的原因，排除。 B选项：根据文章，学者们批判他们是因为他们基于对非典型群体（上层意大利女性等）的研究得出结论，该项符合，当选。 C选项：文章没有提到未能清楚描述文艺复兴女性社会地位和识字率关系是被批判原因，排除。 D选项：文中没有提及未承认文艺复兴女性在反对文化刻板印象中的作用是被批判点，排除。 E选项：未提及未承认社会地位对文艺复兴女性创作活动的影响是被批判原因，排除。

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