【OG24-569题】The author of the passage refers to Robert Filmer (highlight) primarily in order to_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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It is an odd but indisputable fact that the seventeenth-century English women who are generally regarded as among the forerunners of modern feminism are almost all identified with the Royalist side in the conflict between Royalists and Parliamentarians known as the English Civil Wars. Since Royalist ideology is often associated with the radical patriarchalism of seventeenthcentury political theorist Robert Filmer—a patriarchalism that equates family and kingdom and asserts the divinely ordained absolute power of the king and, by analogy, of the male head of the household—historians have been understandably puzzled by the fact that Royalist women wrote the earliest extended criticisms of the absolute subordination of women in marriage and the earliest systematic assertions of women’s rational and moral equality with men. Some historians have questioned the facile equation of Royalist ideology with Filmerian patriarchalism; and indeed, there may have been no consistent differences between Royalists and Parliamentarians on issues of family organization and women’s political rights, but in that case one would expect early feminists to be equally divided between the two sides.

Catherine Gallagher argues that Royalism engendered feminism because the ideology of absolute monarchy provided a transition to an ideology of the absolute self. She cites the example of the notoriously eccentric author Margaret Cavendish (1626–1673), duchess of Newcastle. Cavendish claimed to be as ambitious as any woman could be, but knowing that as a woman she was excluded from the pursuit of power in the real world, she resolved to be mistress of her own world, the “immaterial world” that any person can create within her own mind—and, as a writer, on paper. In proclaiming what she called her “singularity,” Cavendish insisted that she was a self-sufficient being within her mental empire, the center of her own subjective universe rather than a satellite orbiting a dominant male planet. In justifying this absolute singularity, Cavendish repeatedly invoked the model of the absolute monarch, a figure that became a metaphor for the self-enclosed, autonomous nature of the individual person. Cavendish’s successors among early feminists retained her notion of woman’s sovereign self, but they also sought to break free from the complete political and social isolation that her absolute singularity entailed.

The author of the passage refers to Robert Filmer (highlight) primarily in order to

show that Royalist ideology was somewhat more radical than most historians appear to realize qualify the claim that patriarchalism formed the basis of Royalist ideology question the view that most early feminists were associated with the Royalist faction highlight an apparent tension between Royalist ideology and the ideas of early feminists argue that Royalists held conflicting opinions on issues of family organization and women’s political rights

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17世纪英国现代女权运动先驱大多站在保皇党一边，而保皇党意识形态常与罗伯特·菲尔默的激进父权主义相关，这使得历史学家对保皇党女性成为最早批评女性在婚姻中绝对从属、主张女性理性和道德平等的现象感到困惑。一些历史学家质疑保皇党意识形态与菲尔默父权主义的简单等同，认为在家庭组织和女性政治权利问题上，保皇党和议会党没有一致分歧，否则早期女权主义者应在两派中平均分布。凯瑟琳·加拉格尔认为保皇主义催生了女权主义，因为绝对君主制意识形态为绝对自我意识形态提供了过渡，并以玛格丽特·卡文迪什为例进行说明。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型：现象解释型 逻辑简图 现象：Seventeenth century English women as early feminists are mostly Royalist. Royalist ideology is linked to Filmer's patriarchalism, puzzling historians. 解释1：Some historians question the simple equation of Royalist ideology with Filmerian patriarchalism. 解释2：Catherine Gallagher argues Royalism engendered feminism, citing Margaret Cavendish as an example. 做题方法及问题类型
这是一道目的题，通过定位文中提及罗伯特·菲尔默的相关内容（It is an odd but indisputable fact...Robert Filmer），分析作者提及他的目的。 选项分析
A选项：“show that Royalist ideology was somewhat more radical than most historians appear to realize”（表明保皇党意识形态比大多数历史学家似乎意识到的更激进）。文中未提及保皇党意识形态激进程度的比较，与作者提及菲尔默目的不符，排除。 B选项：“qualify the claim that patriarchalism formed the basis of Royalist ideology”（限定父权主义构成保皇党意识形态基础这一主张）。文章重点不是限定这一主张，而是阐述保皇党意识形态与早期女权主义之间看似矛盾的关系，排除。 C选项：“question the view that most early feminists were associated with the Royalist faction”（质疑大多数早期女权主义者与保皇党派系相关联这一观点）。与原文不符，原文是在解释为何早期女权主义者多为保皇党这一现象，而非质疑这一关联，排除。 D选项：“highlight an apparent tension between Royalist ideology and the ideas of early feminists”（强调保皇党意识形态与早期女权主义思想之间明显的紧张关系）。符合文意，作者提及菲尔默的父权主义与保皇党关联，就是为了突出早期女权主义者身为保皇党却持有与父权主义相悖观点这一紧张关系，当选。 E选项：“argue that Royalists held conflicting opinions on issues of family organization and women's political rights”（认为保皇党在家庭组织和女性政治权利问题上持有相互冲突的观点）。文章主要探讨的是保皇党意识形态与早期女权主义的关系，而非保皇党内部观点冲突，排除。

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