【OG24-579题】According to the passage, which of the following describes a result of the way in which researchers generally conduct clinical trials?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Frazier and Mosteller assert that medical research could be improved by a move toward larger, simpler clinical trials of medical treatments. Currently, researchers collect far more background information on patients than is strictly required for their trials-substantially more than hospitals collect-thereby escalating costs of data collection, storage, and analysis. Although limiting information collection could increase the risk that researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study, Frazier and Mosteller contend that such risk, never entirely eliminable from research, would still be small in most studies. Only in research on entirely new treatments are new and unexpected variables likely to arise.

Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that researchers limit data collection on individual patients but also that researchers enroll more patients in clinical trials, thereby obtaining a more representative sample of the total population with the disease under study. Often researchers restrict study participation to patients who have no ailments besides those being studied. A treatment judged successful under these ideal conditions can then be evaluated under normal conditions. Broadening the range of trial participants, Frazier and Mosteller suggest, would enable researchers to evaluate a treatment's efficacy for diverse patients under various conditions and to evaluate its effectiveness for different patient subgroups. For example, the value of a treatment for a progressive disease may vary according to a patient's stage of disease. Patients' ages may also affect a treatment’s efficacy.

According to the passage, which of the following describes a result of the way in which researchers generally conduct clinical trials?

They expend resources on the storage of information likely to be irrelevant to the study they are conducting. They sometimes compromise the accuracy of their findings by collecting and analyzing more information than is strictly required for their trials. They avoid the risk of overlooking variables that might affect their findings, even though doing so raises their research costs. Because they attempt to analyze too much information, they overlook facts that could emerge as relevant to their studies. In order to approximate the conditions typical of medical treatment, they base their methods of information collection on those used by hospitals.

正确答案： A

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文章开头Frazier和Mosteller认为，医学研究可通过开展更大规模、更简单的临床试验来改善。目前研究人员收集的患者背景信息远超试验严格所需，导致数据收集等成本上升。尽管限制信息收集可能增加忽略相关事实的风险，但他们认为这种风险在多数研究中仍较小，仅在全新治疗研究中意外变量可能较多。接着他们提出建议，不仅要限制对个体患者的数据收集，还要让更多患者参与临床试验以获取更具代表性样本。因为当前研究人员常限制患者参与条件，而拓宽试验参与者范围能评估治疗在不同条件下对不同患者的疗效，比如疾病阶段、患者年龄等因素都会影响治疗效果。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型：观点阐述型 逻辑简图： Frazier and Mosteller assert: medical research improved by larger, simpler clinical trials Currently: more background info collection, escalating costs Although: limiting info collection risk, but small in most studies Frazier and Mosteller propose: limit data collection on individuals, enroll more patients Because: current restriction, broaden range for diverse evaluation 做题方法及问题类型
问题类型：细节题 做题方法：根据题干中“the way in which researchers generally conduct clinical trials”定位到文章中描述当前研究人员临床试验做法的部分，即“Currently, researchers collect far more background information on patients than is strictly required for their trials substantially more than hospitals collect thereby escalating costs of data collection, storage, and analysis.” 选项分析
A选项：他们在存储可能与正在进行的研究无关的信息上花费资源。与原文中当前研究人员收集过多背景信息（很多可能无关），导致存储等成本上升相符，正确。 B选项：文中未提及收集分析过多信息会损害研究结果准确性，无中生有，错误。 C选项：原文说限制信息收集可能有忽略变量风险，而当前是收集过多信息，该选项意思与原文相悖，错误。 D选项：文中未表明因分析过多信息就忽略相关事实，无中生有，错误。 E选项：文中没有提到研究人员根据医院使用的信息收集方法来近似医疗治疗的典型条件，无中生有，错误。

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