【OG24-577题】It can be inferred from the passage that a study limited to patients like those mentioned in highlight text would have which of the following advantages over the kind of study proposed by Frazier and Mosteller?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Frazier and Mosteller assert that medical research could be improved by a move toward larger, simpler clinical trials of medical treatments. Currently, researchers collect far more background information on patients than is strictly required for their trials-substantially more than hospitals collect-thereby escalating costs of data collection, storage, and analysis. Although limiting information collection could increase the risk that researchers will overlook facts relevant to a study, Frazier and Mosteller contend that such risk, never entirely eliminable from research, would still be small in most studies. Only in research on entirely new treatments are new and unexpected variables likely to arise.

Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that researchers limit data collection on individual patients but also that researchers enroll more patients in clinical trials, thereby obtaining a more representative sample of the total population with the disease under study. Often researchers restrict study participation to patients who have no ailments besides those being studied. A treatment judged successful under these ideal conditions can then be evaluated under normal conditions. Broadening the range of trial participants, Frazier and Mosteller suggest, would enable researchers to evaluate a treatment's efficacy for diverse patients under various conditions and to evaluate its effectiveness for different patient subgroups. For example, the value of a treatment for a progressive disease may vary according to a patient's stage of disease. Patients' ages may also affect a treatment’s efficacy.

It can be inferred from the passage that a study limited to patients like those mentioned in highlight text would have which of the following advantages over the kind of study proposed by Frazier and Mosteller?

It would yield more data and its findings would be more accurate. It would cost less in the long term, though it would be more expensive in its initial stages. It would limit the number of variables researchers would need to consider when evaluating the treatment under study. It would help researchers to identify subgroups of patients with secondary conditions that might also be treatable. It would enable researchers to assess the value of an experimental treatment for the average patient.

正确答案： C

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文章开篇Frazier和Mosteller主张，医学研究可通过开展更大规模、更简单的医学治疗临床试验来改进。目前研究人员收集的患者背景信息远超试验严格所需，导致数据相关成本上升。虽然限制信息收集有风险，但这种风险在多数研究中较小。接着他们进一步提出，不仅要限制对个体患者的数据收集，还要让更多患者参与临床试验以获取更具代表性的样本。他们指出，当前研究常限制患者类型，而扩大试验参与者范围能评估不同条件下治疗的疗效以及对不同患者亚组的有效性。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为观点阐述型。逻辑简图： Frazier and Mosteller assert: Larger, simpler clinical trials to improve medical research Current situation: Excessive background info collection, high costs Limiting info collection: Small risk in most studies Frazier and Mosteller propose: Limit data collection on individuals + Enroll more patients Current research: Restrict study participation Benefits of broadening: Evaluate treatment's efficacy and value for different patients 问题类型及做题方法
问题类型为推断题，做题方法是根据文中对Frazier和Mosteller提议的阐述以及对当前研究情况的描述，定位到相关内容进行推断。本题定位提示句子为“Currently, researchers collect far more background information on patients than is strictly required for their trials substantially more than hospitals collect thereby escalating costs of data collection, storage, and analysis.”以及“Frazier and Mosteller propose not only that researchers limit data collection on individual patients but also that researchers enroll more patients in clinical trials, thereby obtaining a more representative sample of the total population with the disease under study.” 选项分析
A选项：文中未提及会产生更多数据且结果更准确，属于无中生有，排除。 B选项：文中没有关于长期和初始阶段成本比较的内容，排除。 C选项：因为当前研究收集过多背景信息导致变量多，而限制患者类型的研究（即题目所问的研究）相比Frazier和Mosteller提议的研究，会限制研究人员评估治疗时需要考虑的变量数量，该项正确。 D选项：文中未提及帮助识别有次要病症的患者亚组，排除。 E选项：文中没有说能评估对普通患者实验治疗的价值，排除。

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