【OG24-619题】Which of the following statements about the earliest scientific investigators of quantum tunneling can be inferred from the passage?_mofa留学圈mofaGRE在线题库系统_GRE在线搜题_GRE题库解析_GRE真题机经_GRE课程_GRE培训机构

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Most attempts by physicists to send particles faster than the speed of light involve a remarkable phenomenon called quantum tunneling, in which particles travel through solid barriers that appear to be impenetrable. If you throw a ball at a wall, you expect it to bounce back, not to pass straight through it. Yet subatomic particles perform the equivalent feat. Quantum theory says that there is a distinct, albeit small, probability that such a particle will tunnel its way through a barrier; the probability declines exponentially as the thickness of the barrier increases. Though the extreme rapidity of quantum tunneling was noted as early as 1932, not until 1955 was it hypothesized—by Wigner and Eisenbud—that tunneling particles sometimes travel faster than light. Their grounds were calculations that suggested that the time it takes a particle to tunnel through a barrier increases with the thickness of the barrier until tunneling time reaches a maximum; beyond that maximum, tunneling time stays the same regardless of barrier thickness. This would imply that once maximum tunneling time is reached, tunneling speed will increase without limit as barrier thickness increases. Several recent experiments have supported this hypothesis that tunneling particles sometimes reach superluminal speed. According to measurements performed by Raymond Chiao and colleagues, for example, photons can pass through an optical filter at 1.7 times the speed of light.

Which of the following statements about the earliest scientific investigators of quantum tunneling can be inferred from the passage?

They found it difficult to increase barrier thickness continually. They anticipated the later results of Chiao and his colleagues. They did not suppose that tunneling particles could travel faster than light. They were unable to observe instances of successful tunneling. They made use of photons to study the phenomenon of tunneling.

正确答案： C

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文章大意逻辑
文章主要围绕物理学家试图让粒子超光速运动所涉及的量子隧穿现象展开。先介绍量子隧穿是粒子能穿过看似不可穿透的固体屏障的现象，量子理论表明粒子有一定概率隧穿，且隧穿概率随屏障厚度增加而指数下降。1932年就注意到量子隧穿速度极快，1955年Wigner和Eisenbud提出隧穿粒子有时超光速的假设，其依据是粒子隧穿时间与屏障厚度的关系计算。近期一些实验支持了该假设，如Raymond Chiao及其同事的测量显示光子能以1.7倍光速穿过光学滤波器。 文章类型及逻辑简图
文章类型为现象解释型。逻辑简图： Phenomenon: Quantum tunneling (particles travel through impenetrable barriers) Theory: Quantum theory probability of tunneling related to barrier thickness Hypothesis (1955): Tunneling particles sometimes travel faster than light (by Wigner and Eisenbud) Evidence: Recent experiments support the hypothesis (e.g., Chiao and colleagues' measurement) 问题类型及做题方法
问题类型为推断题。做题方法是通过定位文中关于最早的量子隧穿科学研究者的相关信息，对各选项进行推理判断。定位提示句子如“not until 1955 was it hypothesized—by Wigner and Eisenbud—that tunneling particles sometimes travel faster than light.” 等涉及早期研究相关内容的句子。 选项分析
A选项：文中未提及最早的研究者在持续增加屏障厚度方面有困难，属于无中生有，排除。 B选项：文中没有任何信息表明他们预期到了Chiao及其同事后来的结果，排除。 C选项：根据“not until 1955 was it hypothesized—by Wigner and Eisenbud—that tunneling particles sometimes travel faster than light.”可知，在1955年之前（即最早的研究者时期）他们没有假设隧穿粒子能超光速，该选项可以推断得出，当选。 D选项：文中未说他们无法观察到成功隧穿的实例，排除。 E选项：文中未提及他们使用光子来研究隧穿现象，排除。

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